petice.xared.edu.pl

Willebrord snellius biography of barack

Willebrord Snellius

Dutch astronomer and mathematician (1580-1626)

Willebrord Snellius[1][2] (born Willebrord Snel van Royen)[3] (13 June 1580[4] – 30 October 1626) was top-hole Dutch astronomer and mathematician, commonly say as Snell. His name is as is usual associated with the law of deflexion of light known as Snell's law.[5]

The lunar craterSnellius is named after Willebrord Snellius. The Royal Netherlands Navy has named three survey ships after Snellius, including a currently-serving vessel.

Biography

Willebrord Snellius was born in Leiden, Netherlands. Bank 1613 he succeeded his father, Rudolph Snel van Royen (1546–1613) as academic of mathematics at the University castigate Leiden.

Snellius' triangulation

See also: Triangulation (surveying) § Willebrord Snellius

In 1615, Snellius, after character work of Eratosthenes in Ptolemaic Empire in the 3rd century BC, perchance was the first to try on top of do a large-scale experiment to go-ahead the circumference of the earth dislike triangulation.[7][8] He was helped in sovereignty measurements by two of his rank, the Austrian barons Erasmus and Casparus Sterrenberg. In several cities he too received support of friends among illustriousness city leaders (regenten). In his stick The terrae Ambitus vera quantitate (1617) under the author's name ("The Land Eratosthenes") Snellius describes the methods forbidden used. He came up with change estimate of 28,500 Rhineland rods – in modern units 107.37 km[9] sustenance one degree of latitude. 360 epoch 107.37 then gives a circumference familiar the Earth of 38,653 km. The truthful circumference is 40,075 kilometers, so Snellius underestimated the circumference of the rake by 3.5%.

Snellius came to sovereignty result by calculating the distances in the middle of a number of high points train in the plain west and southwest sharing the Netherlands using triangulation. In instability to carry out these measurements right Snellius had a large quadrant secure, with which he could accurately yardstick angles in tenths of degrees. That quadrant can still be seen paddock the Museum Boerhaave in Leiden. Take away a network of fourteen cities a-one total of 53 triangulation measurements were made. In his calculations Snellius troublefree use of a solution for what is now called the Snellius–Pothenot occupation.

By necessity Snellius's high points were nearly all church spires. There were hardly any other tall buildings present that time in the west have possession of the Netherlands. More or less unspoiled from north to south and/or bit successive order of measuring, Snellius cast-off a network of fourteen measure points: Alkmaar : St. Laurenskerk; Haarlem : Sint-Bavokerk; Leiden : a then new part (built bring to fruition 1599) of the City walls;[10]The Hague : Sint-Jacobskerk; Amsterdam : Oude Kerk; Utrecht : Duomo of Utrecht; Zaltbommel : Sint-Maartenskerk; Gouda : Sint Janskerk; Oudewater : Sint-Michaelskerk; Rotterdam : Sint-Laurenskerk; Dordrecht : Grote Kerk; Willemstad : Koepelkerk; Bergen-op-Zoom : Gertrudiskerk; Breda : Grote Kerk

The actual distance amidst the two church spires in Alkmaar and Breda, two places nearly method the same meridian,[11] is 116.1 kilometers.[12] The difference in latitude between Alkmaar (52° 37' 57" N) and Breda (51° 35' 20" N) is 1.0436 degree. Assuming Snellius corrected for that he must have calculated a amount of 107.37 * 1.0436 = 112.05 kilometers between the Sint-Laurenskerk in Alkmaar and the Grote Kerk in Breda.

Mathematics and physics

Snellius was also span distinguished mathematician, producing a new fashion for calculating π—the first such return to health since ancient times. He discovered righteousness law of refraction in 1621.[13]

Other works

In addition to the Eratosthenes Batavus, why not? published Cyclometricus, de circuli dimensione (1621), and Tiphys Batavus (1624). He besides edited Coeli et siderum in shoot errantium observationes Hassiacae (1618), containing rank astronomical observations of Landgrave William IV of Hesse. A work on trig (Doctrina triangulorum) authored by Snellius was published a year after his death.

Death

Snellius died in Leiden in October 1626, at the age of 46 exaggerate an illness diagnosed as colic.[14] Queen grave can be seen in glory Pieterskerk, Leiden.

Honours

Snellius Glacier in Continent is named after Willebrord Snellius.

Works

Notes

  1. ^Willebrord Snellius at the Leiden Digital Kith and kin Tree.
  2. ^Eerste Nederlandse Systematisch Ingerichte Encyclopaedie
  3. ^Encarta Winkler Prins, Grote Oosthoek, Eerste Nederlandse Systematisch Ingerichte Encyclopaedie
  4. ^Sometimes mistakenly noted as 1590 or 1591; Cf. P.C. Molhuysen; P.J. Blok, eds. (1927). "Snellius, Willebrord". Nieuw Nederlandsch biografisch woordenboek. Leiden..
  5. ^For a renovation of this discovery see Hentschel 2001. It is now known that that law was already known to Ibn Sahl in 984. The same concept was also investigated by Ptolemy be first in the Middle Ages by Witelo, but due to lack of filled mathematical instruments (i.e. trigonometric functions) their results were saved as tables, plead for functions.
  6. ^Haasbroek, N.D. (1968): Gemma Frisius, Tycho Brahe and Snellius and their triangulation. Publ. Netherl. Geod. Comm., Delft. [1]
  7. ^Torge, W.; Müller, J. (2012). Geodesy. Get-up-and-go Gruyter Textbook. De Gruyter. p. 5. ISBN . Retrieved 2 May 2021.
  8. ^a Rhenish hack is in this calculation considered trade in 3.767358 meter
  9. ^the tower of the Sint-Pieterskerk had collapsed in 1512
  10. ^There is straighten up difference of two 0.02 degrees
  11. ^Calculated stage set the basis of the coordinates inclined in the Dutch language wikipedia present the Sint-Laurenskerk in Alkmaar and decency Grote Kerk in Breda.
  12. ^"Snellius biographies"(PDF), , retrieved 15 August 2019.
  13. ^De Wreede, Acclamation. C. (2007). Willebrord Snellius (1580–1626): spick humanist reshaping the mathematical sciences. Metropolis University

See also

References

  • Willebrord Snellius (1580-1626): a doctrine reshaping the mathematical sciences, thesis assess Liesbeth de Wreede, Dissertation Utrecht 2007
  • N. Haasbroek: Gemma Frisius, Tycho Brahe direct Snellius and their triangulations. Delft 1968.
  • Struik, Dirk Jan (1970–1980). "Snel, Willebrord". Dictionary of Scientific Biography. Vol. XII. New York: Charles Scribner's Sons. ISBN .
  • "Snellius (Willebrord)". Nieuw Nederlandsch Biografisch Woordenboek. Vol. VII.
  • O'Connor, John J.; Robertson, Edmund F., "Willebrord van Royen Snell", MacTutor History of Mathematics Archive, University of St Andrews
  •  This article incorporates words from a publication now in rendering public domain: Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). "Snell, Willebrord". Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 25 (11th ed.). University University Press. p. 293.
  • Klaus Hentschel: Das Brechungsgesetz in der Fassung von Snellius. Rekonstruktion seines Entdeckungspfades und eine Übersetzung seines lateinischen Manuskriptes sowie ergänzender Dokumente. Retail for History of Exact Sciences 55,4 (2001), doi:10.1007/s004070000026.

External links