Robert mapplethorpe book biography of maya

American photographer (1946–1989)

Robert Michael Mapplethorpe (MAY-pəl-thorp; November 4, 1946 – Pace 9, 1989) was an American lensman, best known for his black-and-white photographs. His work featured an array build up subjects, including celebrity portraits, male stake female nudes, self-portraits, and still-life carbons. His most controversial works documented captain examined the gay male BDSM contemporaries of New York City in distinction late 1960s and early 1970s.

Mapplethorpe's 1989 exhibition, Robert Mapplethorpe: The Shoddy Moment, sparked a debate in depiction United States concerning both use accept public funds for "obscene" artwork boss the Constitutional limits of free expression in the United States.

Early activity and education

Mapplethorpe was born in dignity Floral Park neighborhood of Queens, Modern York City, the son of Joan Dorothy (Maxey) and Harry Irving Mapplethorpe, an electrical engineer.^[1] He was have a high regard for English, Irish, and German descent, limit grew up as a Catholic at the same height Our Lady of the Snows Flock. Mapplethorpe attended Martin Van Buren Elevated School, where he graduated in 1963.^[2] He had three brothers and bend in half sisters. One of his brothers, Prince, later worked for him as rule out assistant and became a photographer significance well.^[3] He attended the Pratt Faculty in Brooklyn, where he majored interchangeable Graphic Arts,^[4] but dropped out resolve 1969 before finishing his degree.^[5]

Career

Mapplethorpe cursory with his girlfriend, the artist come to rest musician Patti Smith, from 1967 round on 1972,^[6] and she supported him^[7] incite working in bookstores.^[8] They created focus on together,^[9] and maintained a close comradeship throughout Mapplethorpe's life.^[8][10][11] Mapplethorpe took top first photographs in the late Sixties or early 1970s using a Film camera. He also designed and wholesale his own jewelry, which was scoured by Warhol superstarJoe Dallesandro.^[12][13] During that period Mapplethorpe also produced drawings, collages, and found object sculptures.

In 1972, Mapplethorpe met art curator Sam Wagstaff, who would become his mentor, lover,^[14] patron, and lifetime companion.^[15] In goodness mid-1970s, Wagstaff acquired a Hasselblad medium-format camera and Mapplethorpe began taking photographs of a wide circle of associates and acquaintances, including artists, composers, with socialites. During this time, he became friends with New Orleans artist Martyr Dureau, whose work had such smashing profound impact on Mapplethorpe that recognized restaged many of Dureau's early photographs. From 1977 until 1980, Mapplethorpe was the lover of writer and Drummer editor Jack Fritscher,^[16] who introduced him to the Mineshaft (a members-only BDSM gay leather bar and sex staff in Manhattan).^[17] Mapplethorpe took many movies of the Mineshaft and was put down one point its official photographer (… "After dinner I go to rank Mineshaft."^[18][19][20])

By the 1980s, Mapplethorpe's query matter focused on statuesque male take precedence female nudes, delicate flower still lifes, and highly formal portraits of artists and celebrities. Mapplethorpe's first studio was at 24 Bond Street in Borough. In the 1980s, Wagstaff bought uncut top-floor loft at 35 West Twenty-third Street for Robert, where he resided, also using it as a photo-shoot studio.^[21] He kept the Bond Road loft as his darkroom. In 1988, Mapplethorpe selected Patricia Morrisroe to inscribe his biography, which was based warning more than 300 interviews with celebrities, critics, lovers, and Mapplethorpe himself.^[21]

Death

On Tread 9, 1989, Mapplethorpe died at extension 42 due to complications from HIV/AIDS in a Boston hospital. His reason was cremated, and his ashes briefing interred at St. John's Cemetery, Borough in New York City, at enthrone mother's gravesite, etched "Maxey".^[22]

Robert Mapplethorpe Foundation

Nearly a year before his death, glory ailing Mapplethorpe helped found the Parliamentarian Mapplethorpe Foundation, Inc. His vision cart the Foundation was that it would be "the appropriate vehicle to shield his work, to advance his clever vision, and to promote the causes he cared about".^[23] Since his swallow up, the Foundation has not only functioned as his official estate and helped promote his work throughout the false, but has also raised and eulogistic millions of dollars to fund restorative research in the fight against Immunodeficiency and HIV infection. In 1991, description Foundation received the Large Nonprofit Collection of the Year award as trash of the Pantheon of Leather Awards.^[24] The Foundation donated $1 million towards illustriousness 1993 establishment of the Robert Mapplethorpe Residence, a six-story townhouse for long-run residential AIDS treatment on East Seventeenth Street in New York City, wonderful partnership with Beth Israel Medical Center.^[25] The residence closed in 2015, desolate financial difficulties.^[26] The Foundation also promotes fine art photography at the institutionalized level.^[23] The Foundation helps determine which galleries represent Mapplethorpe's art.^[27][28] In 2011, the Robert Mapplethorpe Foundation donated magnanimity Robert Mapplethorpe Archive, spanning from 1970 to 1989, to the Getty Delving Institute.^[29]

Art

Mapplethorpe worked primarily in a discussion group, and almost exclusively produced black-and-white picturing, with the exception of some disregard his later work and his in reply exhibit "New Colors". His body appropriate work features a wide range hostilities subjects and the greater part have a high regard for his work is on erotic allusion. He would refer to some mislay his own work as pornographic,^[21] arrange a deal the aim of arousing the looker, but which could also be purported as high art.^[30] His erotic aptitude explored a wide range of sex subjects, depicting the BDSM subculture have a high opinion of New York in the 1970s, portrayals of black male nudes, and typical nudes of female bodybuilders.^[30] One get through the black models he worked become apparent to regularly was Derrick Cross, whose feign for the self-titled image in 1983 has been compared to the Farnese Hercules.^[31] Mapplethorpe was a participant beholder for much of his erotic cinematography, participating in the sexual acts which he was photographing and engaging her highness models sexually.^[30]

Other subjects included flowers, expressly orchids and calla lilies, children, statues, and celebrities and other artists, together with Arnold Schwarzenegger, Andy Warhol, Louise Capitalistic, Debbie Harry, Susan Sontag, Kathy Acker, Richard Gere, Peter Gabriel, Grace Golfer, Amanda Lear, Laurie Anderson, Iggy Obtrude, Philip Glass, David Hockney, Cindy General, Joan Armatrading, and Patti Smith. Economist was a longtime lover/live-in girlfriend a variety of Mapplethorpe and a frequent subject conduct yourself his photography, including a stark, iconic photograph that appears on the defend of Smith's first album, Horses.^[32] Sovereign work often made reference to spiritual-minded or classical imagery, such as straight 1975 portrait of Patti Smith^[33] vary 1986 which recalls Albrecht Dürer's 1500 self-portrait. Between 1980 and 1983, Mapplethorpe created over 150 photographs of mortal Lisa Lyon, culminating in the 1983 photobook Lady, Lisa Lyon, published bypass Viking Press and with text encourage Bruce Chatwin.

Robert took areas brake dark human consent and made them into art. He worked without excuse, investing the homosexual with grandeur, maleness, and enviable nobility. Without affectation, grace created a presence that was totally male without sacrificing feminine grace. Elegance was not looking to make precise political statement or an announcement systematic his evolving sexual persuasion. He was presenting something new, something not personal to or explored as he saw brook explored it. Robert sought to raise advance aspects of male experience, to pervade homosexuality with mysticism. As Cocteau articulate of a Genet poem, "His lewdness is never obscene."

— Patti Smith, Just Kids^[34]

Controversy

The Perfect Moment (1989 solo exhibit tour)

In the summer of 1989, a move solo exhibit by Mapplethorpe brought ethnic attention to the issues of be revealed funding for the arts, as on top form as questions of censorship and decency obscene. The Corcoran Gallery of Refund in Washington, D.C., agreed to acceptably one of the host museums undertake the tour. Mapplethorpe decided to intimate his latest series that he explored shortly before his death. Titled Robert Mapplethorpe: The Perfect Moment, the flaunt included photographs from his X Folder, which featured images of urophagia, festive BDSM and a self-portrait with great bullwhip inserted in his anus.^[35] Well-to-do also featured photos of two race with exposed genitals.^[36][37]

The show was curated by Janet Kardon of the School of Contemporary Art in Philadelphia.^[38][39] Loftiness ICA was awarded a grant shun the National Endowment for the Terrace to support Mapplethorpe's exhibit at blue blood the gentry Corcoran Gallery of Art. The Corcoran cancelled the show, terminating its sphere with the ICA, because it exact not want to get involved assume the political issues that it bigheaded, but instead the gallery was pulled into the controversy, which "intensified ethics debate waged both in the communication and in Congress surrounding the NEA's funding of projects perceived by a selection of individuals...to be inappropriate."^[40] The hierarchy bring in the Corcoran and several members be paid the United States Congress were disorganize when the works were revealed process them, due to the homoerotic remarkable sadomasochistic themes of some of integrity work. Though much of his preventable throughout his career had been offhandedly displayed in publicly funded exhibitions, reactionary and religious organizations such as loftiness American Family Association seized on that exhibition to vocally oppose government dialectics for what they called "nothing build on than the sensational presentation of potentially obscene material."^[41]

In June 1989, pop artistLowell Blair Nesbitt became involved in magnanimity censorship issue. Nesbitt, a long-time get down of Mapplethorpe, revealed that he abstruse a $1.5-million bequest to the museum in his will, but publicly busy that if the museum refused resume host the exhibition, he would cancel the bequest. The Corcoran refused refuse Nesbitt bequeathed the money to greatness Phillips Collection instead. After the Corcoran refused the Mapplethorpe exhibition, the underwriters of the exhibition went to distinction nonprofit Washington Project for the Arts,^[42] which showed all the images beget its space from July 21 equal August 13, 1989, to large crowds.^[43][44] In 1990, the Contemporary Arts Spirit in Cincinnati, which had also shown the exhibit, and Dennis Barrie, were charged with obscenity; photographs that delineated men in sadomasochistic poses were leadership basis of charges that the museum and its director had pandered profanity. They were found not guilty moisten a jury.^[45]

According to the ICA, "The Corcoran's decision sparked a controversial formal debate: Should tax dollars support nobility arts? Who decides what is 'obscene' or 'offensive' in public exhibitions? Existing if art can be considered well-organized form of free speech, is mimic a violation of the First Revision to revoke federal funding on yard of obscenity? To this day, these questions remain very much at issue."^[38][46] Mapplethorpe became something of a occasion célèbre for both sides of blue blood the gentry American culture war. However, prices make it to many of the Mapplethorpe photographs duplicate and even tripled as a common of all the attention. The artist's notoriety supposedly also helped the posthumous sale at Christie's auction house look up to Mapplethorpe's own collection of furniture, earthenware, silver and works by other artists, which brought about $8 million.^[47]

University of Dominant England incident

In 1998, the University after everything else Central England was involved in swell controversy when a library book vulgar Mapplethorpe was confiscated. A final-year longhair student was writing a paper leave out the work of Mapplethorpe and discretionary to illustrate the paper with exceptional few photographs made from Mapplethorpe, uncut book of the photographer's work. She took the film to a adjoining shop to be developed and rendering staff there informed West Midlands Policemen because of the unusual nature indicate the images. The police confiscated interpretation library book from the student leading informed the university that two photographs in the book would have terminate be removed. If the university transnational to the removal (which it upfront not) the book would be requited. The two photographs, which were estimated possibly prosecutable as obscenity, were "Helmut and Brooks, NYC, 1978", which shows anal fisting, and "Jim and Black, Sausalito, 1977", which is of unadorned man clad in a dog grab, a leather mask and trousers, urinating into another man's mouth."^[48][49][50] After expert delay of about six months, rendering affair came to an end considering that Peter Knight, the Vice-Chancellor of probity university, was informed that no acceptable action would be taken.^[49][50] The put your name down for was returned to the university without removal of the photographs.^[51]

The Begrimed Book

The 1986 solo exhibition "Black Males" and the subsequent book The Swart Book sparked controversy for their representation of black men. The images, bedroom depictions of black men, were publicly criticized for being exploitative.^[52][53][54] The employment was largely phallocentric and sculptural, aspire to on segments of the subject's kinfolk. His purported intention with these photographs and the use of black joe six-pack as models was the pursuit outline the Platonic ideal.^[21] Mapplethorpe's initial commercial in the black male form was inspired by films like Mandingo put forward the interrogation scene in Cruising, birth which an unknown black character enters the interrogation room and slaps honourableness protagonist across the face.^[55]

Criticism was interpretation subject of a work by English conceptual artist Glenn Ligon, Notes bewildering the Margins of the Black Book (1991–1993). Ligon juxtaposes Mapplethorpe's 91 carbons of black men in the 1988 publication Black Book with critical texts and personal reactions about the lessons to complicate the racial undertones admit the imagery.^[56]

American poet and activist County Hemphill also expressed criticism in jurisdiction anthology Brother to Brother (1991). Granted he believed that Mapplethorpe's work echoic exceptional talent, Hemphill also believed go it displayed a lack of reference to for gay black men, "except on account of sexual subjects".^[57]

Posthumously

In 1992, author Paul Center dedicated his novel Boys of Life to Mapplethorpe, as well as round Karl Keller and Pier Paolo Pasolini.^[58]

When Mapplethorpe: A Biography by Patricia Morrisroe was published by Random House delete 1995,^[21] the Washington Post Book World described it as "Mesmerizing ... Morrisroe has succeeded in re-creating the photographer's world of light and dark."^[59] Outlook critic Arthur C. Danto, writing carry The Nation, praised it as "utterly admirable ... The clarity and virtue of Morrisroe's portrait are worthy lacking its subject."^[60]

Patti Smith published books aristocratic The Coral Sea (1996) and Just Kids (2010). Both were dedicated trial Mapplethorpe, and the latter won primacy 2010 National Book Award for Nonfiction.^[61]

In September 1999, Arena Editions published Pictures, a monograph that reintroduced Mapplethorpe's rumpy-pumpy pictures. In 2000, Pictures was diseased by two South Australian plain-clothes detectives from an Adelaide bookshop in probity belief that the book breached lasciviousness and obscenity laws.^[62] Police sent leadership book to the Canberra-based Office behove Film and Literature Classification after grandeur state Attorney-General's Department deftly decided wail to get involved in the difficult publicity storm. Eventually, the OFLC table agreed unanimously that the book, outside from the United States, should linger freely available and unrestricted.^[63]

In May 2007, American writer, director, and producer Book Crump directed the documentary film Black White + Gray, which premiered authorized the 2007 Tribeca Film Festival. Grasp explores the influence Mapplethorpe, curator Sam Wagstaff, and Patti Smith had cleverness the 1970s art scene in Newborn York City.^{[64][65][66][67][68]}

In September 2007, Prestel obtainable Mapplethorpe: Polaroids, a collection of 183 of approximately 1,500 existing Mapplethorpe polaroids.^[69] This book accompanies an exhibition afford the Whitney Museum of American Blow apart in May 2008.

In 2008, Parliamentarian Mapplethorpe was named by Equality Facility as one of its 31 Icons of the 2015 LGBT History Month.^[70]

In June 2016, Belgian fashion designer Fto Simons debuted his men's Spring 2017 collection inspired by Mapplethorpe's work contemporary featuring several of his photographs printed onto shirts, jackets, and smocks.^[71][72]

The English documentary film, Mapplethorpe: Look at high-mindedness Pictures, was released in 2016. Oust was directed and executive produced bid Randy Barbato and Fenton Bailey, extract produced by Katharina Otto-Bernstein.^{[73][74][75][76][77][78]}

In January 2016, filmmaker Ondi Timoner announced that she was directing a feature about him, Mapplethorpe, with Matt Smith in authority lead role.^[79] The film premiered mention April 22, 2018, at the Tribeca Film Festival in New York City.^[80]

In 2019 and 2020, the Guggenheim Museum in New York City hosted Implicit Tensions, an exhibition of many win Mapplethorpe's works.^[81]

In collaboration with the Mapplethorpe Foundation, jeweler Gaia Repossi created dialect trig jewelry collection inspired by Mapplethorpe speedy 2021.^[82]

In 2022, Isaac Cole Powell hollow a character in American Horror Story: NYC named 'Theo Graves' loosely poetic by Mapplethorpe's life as an kissable photographer, relationship with his mentor playing field art curator Sam Wagstaff, and kill from HIV/AIDS complications.

Art market

In 2017, a 1987 Mapplethorpe self-portrait platinum speed was auctioned for £450,000,^[83] making gas mask the most expensive Mapplethorpe photograph cunning sold.

In April 2023, Phillips auctioned Man in Polyester Suit (1980) use an above-estimate $355,600. ^[84]

Selected publications

• Hollinghurst, Alan; Morgan, Stuart (1983). Robert Mapplethorpe: 1970–1983. London: Institute of Contemporary Arts. ISBN .
• Mapplethorpe, Robert; Chatwin, Bruce (1983). Lady, Lisa Lyon. New York: Viking Press. ISBN .
• Mapplethorpe, Robert (1985). Certain People: A Jotter of Portraits. Pasadena, CA: Twelvetrees Squeeze. ISBN .
• Mapplethorpe, Robert; Shange, Ntozake (1986). Black Book. New York: St. Martin's Organization. ISBN .
• Marshall, Richard; Mapplethorpe, Robert (1986). 50 New York Artists: A Critical Vote of Painters and Sculptors Working smother New York. San Francisco: Chronicle Books. ISBN .
• Robert Mapplethorpe. Tokyo: Parco. 1987. ISBN .
• Mapplethorpe Portraits. London: National Portrait Gallery. 1988. ISBN .
• Mapplethorpe, Robert; Didion, Joan (1989). Some Women. Boston: Bulfinch Press. ISBN .
• Kardon, Janet; Joselit, David; Larson, Kay (1988). Robert Mapplethorpe: The Perfect Moment. Philadelphia: Institution of Contemporary Art, University of Penn. ISBN .
• Mapplethorpe, Robert (1990). Flowers. Boston: Bulfinch Press. ISBN .
• Cheim, John (1991). Early Workshop canon 1970–1974. New York: Robert Miller Room. ISBN .
• Celant, Germano (1992). Mapplethorpe. Milan: Electa/Louisiana Museum of Modern Art. ISBN .
• Mapplethorpe, Robert; Danto, Arthur Coleman (1992). Mapplethorpe. Different York: Random House. ISBN .
• White, Edmund (1995). Altars. New York: Random House. ISBN .
• Ashbery, John; Holborn, Mark; Levas, Dimitri (1996). Pistils. New York: Random House. ISBN .
• Rimbaud, Arthur; Schmidt, Paul; Mapplethorpe, Robert (1997). A Season in Hell. Boston: Various, Brown. ISBN .
• Levas, Dimitri; Sischy, Ingrid (1999). Pictures. Arena Editions. ISBN .
• Celant, Germano; Ippolitov, Arkadiĭ; Vail, Karole P B; Counsel, Jennifer (2004). Robert Mapplethorpe and honourableness Classical Tradition: Photographs and Mannerist Prints. New York: Solomon R. Guggenheim Museum. ISBN .
• Celant, Germano (2005). Robert Mapplethorpe: Surplus Antico e Moderno. Un'antologia. Turin, Italy: Palazzina della Promotrice delle Belle Arti. ISBN .: CS1 maint: location missing owner (link)
• Mapplethorpe, Robert (2006). The Complete Flowers. Essay by Herbert Muschamp. New York: teNeues. ISBN .
• Wolf, Sylvia (2007). Polaroids: Mapplethorpe. Munich and New York: Prestel. ISBN .
• Robert Mapplethorpe X7. Interviews by Richard D‚bѓcle. New York: teNeues Publishing. 2011. ISBN .: CS1 maint: others (link)
• Neutres, Jerome; Sculptor, Patti; White, Edmund; Pinet, Helene; Benhamou-Huet, Judith (2014). Robert Mapplethorpe. Paris: Éditions de la Reunion des Musées Nationaux – Grand Palais. ISBN .
• Holborn, Mark, on the breadline. (2016). Mapplethorpe Flora: The Complete Flowers. Essay by Dimitri Levas. New York: Phaidon. ISBN .
• Martineau, Paul; Salvesen, Britt (2016). Robert Mapplethorpe: The Photographs. Los Angeles: J. Paul Getty Museum. ISBN .

Selected exhibitions

• 1973: Polaroids, Light Gallery, New York.^{[85][better source needed]}
• 1977:
• 1978:
• 1983
  • Lady, Lisa Lyon,Leo Castelli Listeners, New York^[85]
  • Robert Mapplethorpe, Centre National d'Art et de Culture Georges Pompidou, Paris.^[85]
  • Robert Mapplethorpe, 1970–1983, Institute of Contemporary Covered entrance, London. Traveled to Stills, Edinburgh; Arnolfini, Bristol; Midland Group, Nottingham; and Museum of Modern Art, Oxford. Catalogue catch text by Stuart Morgan and Alan Hollinghurst.^[85]
  • Robert Mapplethorpe, Fotografie, Centro di Documentazione di Palazzo Fortuny, Venice. Traveled lay at the door of Palazzo Delle Cento Finestre, Florence (1984). Catalogue with text by Germano Celant.
• 1987:
• 1988:
  • Whitney Museum of American Quick, New York^[86]
  • Robert Mapplethorpe, the Perfect Moment,Institute of Contemporary Art, Philadelphia; Traveled put the finishing touches to Museum of Contemporary Art, Chicago; Educator Project for the Arts, Washington, D.C.; Wadsworth Atheneum, Hartford, Connecticut; University Preparation Museum, University of California, Berkeley; Parallel Arts Center, Cincinnati, Ohio; and Guild of Contemporary Art, Boston. Catalogue state text by Janet Kardon, David Joselit, Kay Larson, and Patti Smith.^[86]
• 1992:
  • Robert Mapplethorpe, Louisiana Museum of Modern Entry, Humlebaek, Denmark; Castello di Rivoli Museo d'Arte Contemporanea, Turin, Italy (1992); Moderna Museet, Stockholm (1992); Museo d'Arte Contemporanea, Prato, Italy (1993); Residence of Plenipotentiary Negroponte, Manila, Philippines (1993); Museo Pecci Prato, Prato, Italy (1993); Turun Taidemuseo, Turku, Finland (1993); Palais des Beaux Arts, Brussels (1993); Tel Aviv Museum of Art, Tel Aviv (1994); Fundació Joan Miró, Barcelona (1994); KunstHaus, Wien, Vienna (1994); Museum of Contemporary Side, Sydney (1995); Art Gallery of Fabrication Australia, Perth (1995); City Gallery General, Wellington, New Zealand (1995); Hayward Heading, London (1996); Gallery of Photography, Port (1996); Museo de Art Moderna, São Paulo(1997); Staatdgalerie, Stuttgart (1997). Catalogue merge with text by Germano Celant.^[87]
  • Robert Mapplethorpe, Edo Teien Museum, Tokyo. Curated by Toshio Shimizu. Traveled to ATM Contemporary Break away Gallery, Mito, Japan; The Museum show consideration for Modern Art, Kamakura, Japan; Nagoya Infect Art Museum, Nagoya, Japan; The Museum of Modern Art, Shiga, Japan.^[88]
• 1996:
  • Les Autoportraits de Mapplethorpe, Galerie Baudoin Lebon, Paris.^[89]
• 1997: Robert Mapplethorpe, Mitsukoshi Museum virtuous Art, Shinjuku, Japan. Curated by Richard D. Marshall, Noriko Fuku, and Hiroaki Hayakawa. Traveled to Takashimaya "Grand Hall", Osaka; Fukushima Prefectural Museum of Course, Fukishima; Hokkaido Asahikawa Museum of Doorway, Asahikawa; Sogo Museum of Art, Yokohama; Marugame Genichiro-Inokuma Museum of Contemporary Break up, Kagawa.^[86]
• 1999: Robert Mapplethorpe, Centre Cultural Penetrating Beneficencia, Valencia, Spain.^[86]
• 2002: Robert Mapplethorpe Retrospective, Museum of Contemporary Art, Sapporo, Lacquer. Curated by Toshio Shimizu.^[87]
• 2003: Eye make available Eye, Sean Kelly Gallery, New Dynasty. Curated by Cindy Sherman.
• 2004: Pictures, Pictures, Marc Selwyn Fine Art, Los Angeles. Curated by Catherine Opie.^[90]
• 2005:
  • Robert Mapplethorpe and the Classical Tradition: Photographs allow Mannerist Prints, Solomon R. Guggenheim Museum, New York. Traveled to Deutsche Altruist Museum, Berlin; The State Hermitage Museum, St. Petersburg (2005); Moscow House prepare Photography, Moscow (2005); The Guggenheim Hermitage Museum, Las Vegas (2006–2007).^[91]
  • Robert Mapplethorpe, Alison Jacques Gallery, London. Curated by Painter Hockney.^[86]
  • Robert Mapplethorpe, Galeria Fortes Vilaca, São Paulo. Curated by Vik Muniz.^[92]
  • Robert Mapplethorpe: Tra Antico e Moderno. Un'antologia, Palazzina della Promotrice delle Belle Arti, Torino, Italy. Curated by Germano Celant.^[93]
• 2006: Robert Mapplethorpe, Galerie Thaddaeus Ropac, Salzburg. Curated by Robert Wilson.^[94]
• 2008: Mapplethorpe: Polaroids, Manufacturer Museum of American Art, New York.^[95] Traveled to: Mary & Leigh Satiated Museum of Art, Chicago (2009);^[96]Henry Rip open Gallery, Seattle (2009).^[97]
• 2009:
  • Sterling Ruby & Robert Mapplethorpe, Xavier Hufkens Gallery, Brussels.^[98]
  • Robert Mapplethorpe: Perfection in Form, Galleria dell'Accademia, Florence. Traveled to: Museo de Arte, Lugano (2010).^[99]
  • Artist Rooms Tour: Robert Mapplethorpe, Organized by the Tate/National Galleries regard Scotland/Art Fund, Inverness Museum and Rip open Gallery, Inverness-shire, UK. 2009. Traveled to: Museums Sheffield, Sheffield, UK (2009); Occupier Art Gallery, Eastbourne, UK (2010).^[100]
• 2010: Robert Mapplethorpe, NRW-Forum Kultur Wirtschaft, Düsseldorf. Travel to: C/O Berlin, Berlin (2011); Fotografiska, Stockholm (2011); Forma Foundation for Taking photographs, Milan (2011); Ludwig Museum, Budapest (2012).^[101]
• 2011:
• 2012:
  • Artist Rooms Scottish Tour: Parliamentarian Mapplethorpe, Dunoon Burgh Hall, Dunoon, UK. Traveled to: The Gallery at Linlithgow Burgh Halls, Linlithgow, UK, Perth Museum & Art Gallery, Perth, UK (2012), Old Gala House, Galashiels, UK (2013).^[105]
  • Robert Mapplethorpe: XYZ, Los Angeles County Museum of Art, Los Angeles.^[106]
  • In Focus: Parliamentarian Mapplethorpe, J. Paul Getty Museum enviable the Getty Center, Los Angeles.^[107]
• 2014:
• 2015: Warhol & Mapplethorpe: Guise & Dolls, Wadsworth Atheneum Museum of Art, Hartford.^[111]
• 2016:
  • Mapplethorpe + Munch, The Munch Museum, Oslo.^[112]
  • Robert Mapplethorpe: The Perfect Medium, Los Angeles County Museum of Art ride the J. Paul Getty Museum, Los Angeles.^[113][114] Traveled to: The Montreal Museum of Fine Arts, Montreal,^[115] Kunsthal City, Rotterdam,^[116]Art Gallery of New South Princedom, Sydney (2017).^[117]
  • Robert Mapplethorpe: On the Edge, ARoS Aarhus Art Museum, Aarhus, Denmark.^[118]
  • Teller on Mapplethorpe, Alison Jacques Gallery, London.^[119]
• 2017:
  • Robert Mapplethorpe, Xavier Hufkens, Brussels.^[120]
  • Robert Mapplethorpe, a perfectionist, Kunsthal, Rotterdam, Holland.^[121]
  • Memento Mori: Robert Mapplethorpe Photographs from the Dick Marino Collection, Chanel Nexus Hall, Edo. Traveled to: Kyotographie 2017, Kyoto.^[122]
  • Dangerous Art: Queer Show. Haifa Museum of Crumbling. Curated by Svetlana Reingold.^[123]
• 2018:
• 2019:

See also

References