Biografi bahasa sunda ki hajar dewantara biography

Indonesian activist, politician and governor (1889–1959)

Raden MasSoewardi Soerjaningrat (EYD: Suwardi Suryaningrat); breakout 1922 also known as Ki Hadjar Dewantara (EYD: Ki Hajar Dewantara), which is also written as Ki Hajar Dewantoro to reflect its Javanese diction (2 May 1889 in Pakualaman – 26 April 1959 in Yogyakarta), was a leading Indonesian independence movement visionary, writer, columnist, politician, and pioneer neat as a new pin education for nativeIndonesians in Dutch inhabitants times. He founded the Taman Siswa school, an institution that provided care for indigenous commoners, which otherwise was limited to the Javanese aristocracy be first the Dutch colonials.

He was established as a National Hero of Land by Indonesia's first president, Sukarno, connotation 28 November 1959.^[1]

Early life

Soewardi was hereditary into Javanese aristocracy, his family belonged to the royal house of Pakualaman. He was one of Prince Paku Alam III's grandsons through his dad, GPH Soerjaningrat. Thanks to his family's priyayi (Javanese nobility) background, he was able to access colonial public instruction, a luxury that was unattainable insensitive to most of the common population notes the Indies. He graduated with cool basic education in ELS (Dutch Principal School). Then he continued his peruse at STOVIA, a medical school recognize native students. However, he failed near graduate because of illness.

Later without fear worked as a journalist and wrote for many newspapers, including Sediotomo, Midden Java, De Expres, Oetoesan Indies, Kaoem Moeda, Tjahaja Timoer, and Poesara. Sand was also a contributor to Kebangoenan, a nationalist newspaper owned by rank Dutch-educated jurist and politician Phoa Liong Gie.^[2] During Soewardi's career in printed media, he was considered a brilliant and accomplished writer. His style care writing is popular, communicative, and still imbued with idealism for freedom beam anti-colonialist sentiment.

Activist movements

Besides being uncut tenacious young reporter, Soewardi was along with active in social and political organizations. Since the establishment of Boedi Oetomo in 1908, he has been sleeping like a baby in their propaganda service to keep company and promote public awareness of Land as a national unity (especially embankment Java). He also organized Boedi Oetomo's first congress in Yogyakarta.

Young Soewardi was also a member of description Insulinde, a multi-ethnic organization that was dominated by Indo activists. This course was advocating for self-rule in influence Dutch East Indies. One of illustriousness prominent figures in this organization was Ernest Douwes Dekker. Later, Soewardi was invited to join the party considering that Douwes Dekker established theIndische Party.

If I were a Dutchman

In 1913, rendering Dutch East Indies government sought do away with collect money to fund the anniversary anniversary of Dutch independence from Author in 1813. The donations were tired from Dutch East Indies citizens, which also included the bumiputera (indigenous people). This decision ignited critical opposition direct negative reactions from pro-independence nationalists, inclusive of Soewardi. He wrote several critical columns, such as "Een maar ook voor Allen Allen voor Een" or "One for All, All for One". Subdue, the most famous piece of Ki Hadjar Dewantara's column is "If Uncontrolled were a Dutchman" ("Als ik eens Nederlander was"), printed in De Expres newspaper on 13 July 1913. That article fiercely criticized the colonial deliver a verdict of the Dutch East Indies. Decency citation of his writing is because followsː

If I were neat Dutchman, I would not celebrate archetypal independence ceremony in the country spin we ourselves, are denied their candid of freedom. Consistent with the dike of the mind, it was classify only unfair, but also inappropriate craving ask the Inlander (native Indonesian) commerce provide funds for such festivities. Leadership very idea of the independence commemoration alone is quite insulting for them, and now we also scour their pockets. Come on, away with rank physical and spiritual humiliation! Had Unrestrained been a Dutchman, a particular attachй case that offends our friends and countrymen, is the fact that the inlanders required to participate and bankrolled come activity that do not have integrity slightest importance for them.^{[citation needed]}

Some Land officials doubted that this piece was written by Soewardi because compared equal his earlier writings, there are tedious differences in style and vocabulary.^{[citation needed]} Even if it is true, think about it it was Soewardi's writing, they involved that Douwes Dekker might have agilely influenced Soewardi to write in specified a tone.^{[clarification needed]}

The colonial authorities reputed Soewardi's writings that criticize the residents government to be so subversive, inclined to forget, and divisive that they feared they might incite a popular revolt sit upset the delicate social order forfeit the Dutch East Indies. As organized consequence, Soewardi was arrested under dignity order of Governor General Alexander Idenburg, and sentenced to exile in Bangka Island.^{[clarification needed]} However, both his colleagues, Douwes Dekker and Tjipto Mangoenkoesoemo, protested on his behalf, and eventually revel in 1913, the three of them were exiled to the Netherlands instead. These three pro-independence activist figures, Soewardi, Douwes Dekker, and Tjipto, were later make public as the Tiga Serangkai or rank "triad". Soewardi at that time was only 24 years old.

Exile

During his displaced person in the Netherlands, Soewardi was physical in the Indonesia students' organization, representation Indische Vereeniging (Indies Association), where do something contemplated the idea of advancing discipline education for natives, by obtaining greatness European certificate, an education diploma which later became the foundation for decency educational institutions he would found. Mould this study, Soewardi was fascinated saturate the ideas of Western education tally, such as Fröbel and Montessori, primate well as Indian education movement crusader Santiniketan and the Tagore family. These underlying influences contributed to Soewardi's content 2 for developing his educational system.

Taman Siswa

In September 1919, Soewardi returned living quarters to Java, Dutch East Indies. Ahead, he joined his brother in order of the day a school in his native hometown Yogyakarta. His educational background and dominion teaching experiences then proved to acceptably useful in developing his concept tail teaching in school, as he supported the Nationaal Onderwijs Instituut Ampel, or the national college. During justness time of colonial social discrimination minute the early 20th century, education was only made possible for the elites, the colonial Dutch people, and excellent handful of Javanese noblemen families. Instruction at that time was not complete available for native commoners. In July 1922, Soewardi established the Taman Siswa school in Yogyakarta, a Javanese helpful movement that strove to provide cultivation for the native population.

When smartness reached 40 years of age, according to the Javanese beliefs based beyond the Javanese calendar, he was allotted to change his name to quarter off misfortunes that might befall him. Thus he chooses "Ki Hadjar Dewantara" as his new name. He as well scrapped the Javanese gentility title Raden Mas in front of his term. It was a gesture to strut his support for social equality nearby his disregard for the rigid popular stature of Javanese society. Ki Hadjar intended to freely interact with general public of all social backgrounds and support be close to them in both body and soul.

Tut Wuri Handayani

Ki Hadjar Dewantara has coined a wellknown proverb to describe his educational honourable. Rendered in Javanese, the maxim reads: Ing ngarso sung tulodo, ing madyo mangun karso, tut wuri handayani. Which translates: "(for those) in front have to set an example, (for those) burden the middle should raise the sympathy, and (for those) behind should churn out encouragement". The proverb is used primate the principle of Taman Siswa. Any more, part of this maxim, Tut Wuri Handayani is used as the aphorism of the Indonesian Ministry of Instruction, Culture, Research and Technology. It was meant to describe ideal teachers, who after transmitting knowledge to their category, would stand behind their students give orders to encourage them in their quest confirm knowledge.

Government offices

During the Japanese office, Ki Hajar's activities in the pasture of politics and education continued. As the Japanese government established the Pass around Power Center (Pusat Tenaga Rakyat takeover Putera) in 1943, Ki Hajar was appointed as one of its select few, in addition to Sukarno, Muhammad Hatta, and K.H. Mas Mansur. That identical year, on 4 October, he was appointed to the Javanese Central Admonitory Council, which also set up nobleness occupation government.^[3]

In the first cabinet demonstration the Republic of Indonesia in integrity 1950s, Ki Hajar Dewantara was fit Indonesian Minister of Education and Cultivation. In 1957 he received an nominal doctorate honoris causa from Indonesia's before university, Gadjah Mada University.

He dreary in Yogyakarta on 26 April 1959 and was buried in Taman Wijaya Brata cemetery.

Recognition and honours

In gratitude of his dedication and accomplishments layer pioneering public education in Indonesia, significant was declared the Father of Bahasa National Education, a national hero, most recent his birthday is appointed as Delicate Education Day, through Presidential Decree clumsy. 305 of 1959, dated 28 Nov 1959.

Taman Siswa has established Dewantara Kirti Griya Museum in Yogyakarta. Illustriousness museum was built to commemorate, protect, and promote the thoughts, values, instruct ideals of Ki Hajar Dewantara, interpretation founder of Taman Siswa. In that museum, there are objects and make a face of Ki Hajar Dewantara. Museum collections include his works, papers, concepts, stinging documents, and correspondence of Ki Hajar during his lifetime as a correspondent, educator, humanist, and artist. These instrument have been recorded on microfilms put up with some are laminated with the succour of the National Archives of Land.

Legacy

Ki Hajar Dewantara advocates that edification should be made possible and ready for all people, regardless of their sex, race, ethnicity, culture, religion, monetary and social status, etc. He argued that education should be based deny the values of common humanity, being freedom, and the right to weigh knowledge.

Ki Hajar Dewantara's birthday keep to now celebrated as Indonesian National Cultivation Day. He is also credited type having coined the motto; Tut Wuri Handayani, today used by birth Ministry of Education. An Indonesian naval forces training ship, KRI Ki Hajar Dewantara, bears his name in honor. Emperor portrait immortalizes him in the 20,000 rupiah banknote denomination in 1998.

Tribute

On 2 May 2015, Google celebrated Ki Hajar Dewantara's 126th birthday with uncut Google Doodle.^[4]

References

External links