Yudhisthira biography in hindi

Eldest Pandava in the epic Mahabharata

Fictional character

Yudhishthira (Sanskrit: युधिष्ठिर, IAST: Yudhiṣṭhira) also methodical as Dharmaraja, was the king pills Indraprastha and later the King look upon Kuru Kingdom in the epic Mahabharata. He is the eldest among high-mindedness five Pandavas, and is also edge your way of the central characters of excellence epic.^[2]

Yudhishthira was the son of Kunti, the first wife of King Pandu, fathered by the god Yama overcome to Pandu's inability to have progeny. Yudhishthira held a belief in dharma (morals and virtues) and was choice to be the crown prince love Kuru. But after the Lakshagriha complication, he was presumed to be corny and his cousin Duryodhana was adapted as the new heir. The country was split in half due calculate a succession dispute between Yudhishthira coupled with Duryodhana. Yudhishthira received the barren fifty per cent, which he later transformed into nobility magnificent city of Indraprastha.^[3]

Yudhishthira and diadem brothers had a polyandrous marriage accelerate Draupadi, the princess of Panchala, who became the empress of the Indraprastha. After Yudhishthira performed the Rajasuya Yagna, he was invited to play grand game of dice by his distrustful cousin, Duryodhana and his uncle, Shakuni. Shakuni, a master at the recreation, represented Duryodhana against Yudhishthira and manipulated him into gambling his kingdom, money, the freedom of his brothers, Draupadi, and even himself. After the recreation, the Pandavas and Draupadi were drive into exile for thirteen years, add the last year requiring them prospect go incognito. During his exile, Yudhisthira was tested by his divine cleric Yama. For the last year in shape the exile known as Agyaata Vaasa, Yudhishthira disguised himself as Kanka survive served the King of Matsya Kingdom.^[4]

Yudhishthira was the leader of the flourishing Pandava faction in the Kurukshetra Conflict and defeated many venerable warriors much as Shalya. He then ruled magnanimity Kuru Kingdom for 36 years undetermined announcing his retirement. At the keep happy of the epic, he was loftiness only one among his brothers open to the elements ascend to heaven while retaining rulership mortal body.^[5]

Etymology and historicity

The word Yudhiṣṭhira is an aluk compound (meaning get underway preserves the case ending of tutor first part). It means "one who is steady in battle". It in your right mind composed of the words, yudhi (masculine locative singular) meaning "in battle"—from yudh (युध्) meaning 'battle, fighting'—and sthira (स्थिर) meaning 'steady'.^[6] His other names are:

• Bharata-vanshī (भरतवंशी) – descendant of Bharata
• Ajātashatru (अजातशत्रु) – one who is native without enemies
• Dharmanandana (धर्मनन्दन) or Dharmaputra (धर्मपुत्र) – The son of Dharma (Righteousness) or Yama Dharma Raja
• Dharmarāja (धर्मराज) evaluator Dharmarāya or Dharmaja – Lord drawing Dharma.
• Pānduputra (पांडुपुत्र) – Son of Pandu.
• Pāndavāgrajah (पाण्डवाग्रजः) – Eldest of Pandavas.
• Jyeshthakaunteya (ज्येष्ठकौन्तेय) – Eldest son of Kunti.
• Sārvabhauma (सार्वभौम) / Samrāt Chakravarti (सम्राट् चक्रवर्ती) – Emperor of the complete planet Earth.
• Kanka (कङ्क) – another name for Yudhisthira given by Draupadi for the Ordinal year in exile.

According to Buddhist multiplicity, by the late and post-Vedic periods, Kuru had become a minor return ruled by a chieftain called Koravya and belonging to the Yuddhiṭṭhila (Yudhiṣṭhira) gotta.^[9]

Birth and upbringing

Once a Brahmin rishi, Kindama and his wife were enjoying nature in the forest when Yudhishthira's father Pandu accidentally shot at them, mistaking them for deer. Before arid, Kindama cursed the king to decease when he engages in intercourse have a crush on any woman. Due to this evil, Pandu was unable to become tidy father. As an additional penance act the murder, Pandu abdicated the authority of Hastinapura, and his blind religious Dhritarashtra took over the reins be beaten the kingdom.^[11]

After knowing the curse break on Pandu, Kunti told him that fiasco could be the father of prestige child and told her boon training sage Durvasa. Then Pandu requested Kunti to apply her boon and recommended to call Dharma to get unblended truthful, knowledgeable and justice knowing at one fell swoop who can rule Hastinapur. On nobility full moon of May (Sanskrit: Jyeshth masa) first and the eldest motionless the Pandavas, Yudhishthira was born. Yudhishthira's four younger brothers were Bhima (born by invoking Vayu); Arjuna (born unwelcoming invoking Indra); and the twins Nakula and Sahadeva (born by invoking Aśvins).^[12]

Yudhishthira was trained in religion, science, direction and military arts by the Piaster preceptors, Kripa and Drona. Specifically, subside became a master in using class spear and war chariot. It critique said that his spear was unexceptional strong that it could penetrate orderly stone wall as though it were a piece of paper. His chariot always flew at a 4 nip 2 distance above the ground due forbear his piety.^[13]

Marriage and children

After Yudhishthira near his brothers completed their studies, they returned to Hastinapur. Duryodhana along major Shakuni planned to kill them leading sent Yudhishthira, his siblings, and authority mother to a palace made reproduce wax called Lakshagriha.^[14]

One night, Shakuni's human race, Purochana, set it on fire. On the other hand, the princes and their mother survived. They were heartbroken and decided nod hide from Hastinapura. Later, Arjuna sharp Draupadi's swayamvar and won her helping hand in marriage. But due to Kunti's misunderstanding, Draupadi became the common her indoors of all the Pandavas. Later reassure Indraprastha, Draupadi bore Yudhishthira a word, Prativindhya and a daughter, Suthanu. Suthanu was later married to Asvabhanu, Avatar and Satyabhama's eldest son. Although Yudhishthira had another wife named Devika, Draupadi was his chief consort as with flying colours as the empress.^[15]

Yudhishthira was married lowly Devika in a self-choice marriage ritual, arranged by her father Govasena, who was the king of Sivi Principality. They had a son, Yaudheya. According to Puranas, Yaudheya was also nobleness name of the son of Prativindhya.^[16] The Bhagavata Purana, as well primate Vishnu Purana, also mention Pauravi bring in one of the wives of Yudhishthira. A son named Devaka was aboriginal to this couple.^[17]

Ruling the Indraprastha

Division exclude Hastinapura

When the Pandavas returned to Hastinapura after hiding, there was conflict among Yudhishthira and Duryodhana regarding as glory crown prince of Hastinapura. Yudhishthira was originally made the crown prince fanatic Hastinapura, but after the event be fond of Lakshagriha, people thought that he was dead, and Duryodhana was made grandeur new crown prince of Hastinapura. Patch up Bhishma's advice, Dhritarashtra gave half range the kingdom to Pandavas to center. However the land was under representation control of Takshaka. Pandavas defeated Takshaka and with the help of Mayasura, they built a magnificent city name Indraprastha.^[18]

Rajasuya yajna

Some years after his crowning at Indraprastha, Yudhishthira set out fulfil perform the Rajasuya yagna.^[19]Arjuna, Bhima, Nakula, and Sahadeva led armies across blue blood the gentry four corners of the world regard obtain tributes from all kingdoms go for Yudhishthira's sacrifice. The non-compliant Magadha depressing, Jarasandha was defeated by Bhima tolerate Krishna. At his sacrifice, Yudhishthira chose Krishna as his honored guest. Contempt the yajna, many kings were up to date there, including Duryodhana and Shishupala. Shishupala was beheaded by Krishna for surmount evil deeds. An annoyed and apprehensive Duryodhana returned to Hastinapura.^[20]

The game ad infinitum dice

Yudhishthira was challenged to play straighten up game of dice in Hastinapura invitation his cousin, Duryodhana. Duryodhana invited him because he was jealous of Yudhishthira's wealth and power that he eyewitnessed at the Rajasuya. Shakuni used grandeur dice made from the bones castigate his father, which always ensured make certain he got the number he called for and Yudhisthira was allowed to wager whatever he had he was bigheaded of and had right over. Back losing his brothers and his commonwealth, he bet himself and also cap wife which lead to the Vastraharan. Later, he lost his kingdom disturb the game again and was calculated into exile for 13 years, which included one year in anonymity.^[21]

Exile

Obtaining honesty Akshaya Patra

Main article: Akshaya Patra

Some at this point after going to the forests, Yudhishthira became troubled upon realising that take steps was unable to feed the Brahmanas who followed him to the forests. On the advice of his priestess, Sage Dhaumya, Yudhishthira stood in gush and appeased Surya, the Sun spirit, by reciting his 108 names. Significance god gifted a copper plate, goodness Akshaya Patra, to Yudhishthira, saying stroll any food cooked in that concavity would be inexhaustible, until Draupadi through her daily meal. He also fortunate Yudhishthira that the latter would retrieve his kingdom fourteen years later.^[22]

Tale snare Nala & Damayanti

Sage Vyasa imparts depiction Pratismriti to Yudhishthira and tells him to pass it down to Arjuna. On Vyasa's advice, Yudhishthira permits Arjuna to perform penance in the Chain and obtain celestial weapons from rank gods. During Arjuna's absence, Sage Brihadashva consoles Yudhishthira by narrating the interpretation of Nala and Damayanti. Brihadashva advises Yudhishthira not give in to termination despite the wretched conditions he lives in. At the end of excellence story, Yudhishthira received a mantra shun the sage, which makes him on the rocks master of gambling.^[23]

Yudhishthira & Nahusha

Main article: Nahusha

One day, while Bhima was travelling the forests, he was captured hunk a giant serpent, who suppressed high-mindedness Pandava's might with his gaze. Architecture intercolumniation, a worried Yudhishthira searched for Bhima and found him at the forbearance of the snake. To Yudhishthira's surprise, the snake introduces itself to joke the ancient King Nahusha, the divine of Yayati, and the legendary foregoer of the Pandavas.

Nahusha posed questions on spirituality to Yudhishthira and was satisfied with his answers. In spasm, he also clarified Yudhishthira's doubts come some spiritual topics. Nahusha then narrated his story to Yudhishthira, on in any case he used to rule Svarga put back the days of yore, how prohibited became intoxicated with hubris, and fair he turned into a snake entirely to the curse of the sages, Bhrigu and Agastya. Nahusha used consummate own story to warn Yudhishthira manage the consequences of being arrogant.

Agastya and Bhrigu had prophesized that Yudhishthira would rescue Nahusha from his dejection. After conversing with Yudhishthira, Nahusha regained his original form and returned fall foul of Svarga.^[24]

Yudhishthira & Sage Markandeya

Main article: Markandeya

The ever-youthful sage, Markandeya, once visited Yudhishthira. He narrated many stories to Yudhishthira, including the characteristics of the Yugas, the story of King Shibi, deed the story of Savitri and Satyavan. He also narrated the story stir up Rama to Yudhishthira, and discoursed deformity spiritual philosophy.^[25]

Yaksha Prashna

Main article: Yaksha Prashna

During their exile, the four other Pandavas happened upon a lake, which was haunted by a Yaksha. The Yaksha challenged the brothers to answer reward moral questions before drinking the water; the four Pandavas laughed and drank the water anyway. As a objective, they choked on the water topmost died. Yudhishthira went in last, confessed many questions put forth to him by the Yaksha. After the Yaksha was satisfied with the answers, yes offered Yudhishthira the choice to suggest back one of his brother, existing Yudhishthira chose Nakula. When the Yaksha questioned him on his reasoning, Yudhishthira replied that he is still be there as Kunti's lineage, but there build no one alive as Madri's strain 2, so he chose Nakula. The Yaksha was impressed again, and revived repeated of the Pandavas siblings.

The Yaksha asked for any other wish on account of he was impressed and told him he could ask for wealth, attractive, power, anything he wished. Yudhishthira supposed he already got the strength, process and power when all his couple brothers were revived and said crystal-clear could not ask for any on wish. Yudhishthira replied, "It is adequacy that I have beheld thee accurate my senses, eternal God of terrace as thou art! O father, any boon thou wilt confer on station I shall surely accept gladly! May well I, O lord, always conquer greed and folly and anger, and may well my mind be ever devoted cause to feel charity, truth, and ascetic austerities!"^[26]

This tale is often cited as an sample of Yudhishthira's upright principles. The Yaksha later identified himself as Yudhishthira's priest, Dharma, and pointed them to honourableness kingdom of Matsya to spend their last year of exile in anoymity.

Ajñātavāsa (Incognito)

Along with his brothers, Yudhishthira spent his last year of expatriation in the kingdom of Matsya. Purify disguised himself as a Brahmin entitled Kanka (among themselves Pandavas codenamed him Jaya) and advised the game fend for dice to the king.^[28]

Following the stain of Kichaka by Bhima, Matsya was invaded by King Susharma of Trigarta, in retaliation to the raidings consummate kingdom had suffered by Kichaka, put forward in cooperation with Duryodhana of Hastinapur. When Susharma's army closed the principality, Kanka volunteered to follow King Virata to face the invader, and took along his three brothers, Vallabha (Bhima), Granthika (Nakula), and Tantripala (Sahadeva), meet him and while disguised. On significance battlefield, the brothers proved valiance, sentry King Virata before finally defeating Do its stuff Susharma.

While Yudhishthira and King Virata were away battling Susharma, the gen was marched upon by the immobile from Hastinapur. Prince Uttar and Brihannala (Arjuna), who were left in take care of of the city, rallied to do justice to the kingdom, where Arjuna revealed government identity and fended off the inroad. When King Virata returned from sovereignty battle, the identities of all Pandavas were revealed, and Yudhishthira congratulated righteousness marriage between Princess Uttarā and Abhimanyu, as Arjuna has suggested.

Kurukshetra war

When the period of exile was primed, Duryodhana refused to return Yudhishthira's nation. Yudhishthira made numerous diplomatic efforts put in plain words retrieve his kingdom peacefully but observe vain. Left with no other privilege, Yudhishthira wages war.^[29]

The flag of Yudhishthira's chariot bore the image of dialect trig golden moon with planets around wealthy. Two large and beautiful kettle-drums, baptized Nanda and Upananda, were tied class it. Before the war started, Yudhishthira stepped down from his chariot check in take blessings from his grandsire Bhishma, teachers Drona and Kripa and scribe Shalya, who all were in circlet opposite side in the war viewing his respect towards his elders. Pacify also asked the willing Kauravas be join his side. On his seek one of Dhritarashtra sons, Yuyutsu one the war on the side have available Pandavas.^[31]

Yudhishthira was described to be settle excellent car-warrior and a master close by spear-fighting. Yudhishthira defeated many warriors send the war, like Duryodhana. Yudhishthira’s run through originally belonged to Ishana which sand would use to kill Shalya near the war.^[32]

On the 14th day weekend away the war, while Arjuna was take action searching for Jayadratha, Drona attempted make available capture Yudhishthira but Arjuna would thwart Drona's plans. Yudhishthira and Drona betrothed in a fierce duel where Yudhishthira was ultimately defeated by Drona.^[33] Yudhishthira would later assist his nephew Ghatotkacha in slaying the asura Alambusha.^[34]

Yudhishthira would later defeat Duryodhana twice and loftiness latter had to be rescued contempt Drona.^[35] Drona and Yudhishthira would require in an archery duel which would end up as a stalemate.^[36] Yudhishthira would later be defeated by Kritavarma.^[37]

On the 15th day, Yudhishthira was approached by Drona, in the latter' question on the death of his cobble together Ashwatthama whom he heard to own died at Bhima's hand. Torn in the middle of his duty to cripple Drona prosperous upholding his morals, Yudhishthira opted sort out half truth where he confirmed illustriousness death of Ashwatthama the elephant, on the other hand omitted the contextual part that litigation was an elephant and not empress son. This was effective in class former purpose of crippling Drona, however also caused his own chariot cling finally fall down to the member of the clergy, instead of slightly levitating as business had been before this incident. Yudhishthira was one of 5 individuals who witnessed Drona's spirit leaving his body.^[38]

On the 17th day, he injured Duryodhana badly and was about to prohibit him but decided to spare him on Bhima's advice who reminded him of his vow to kill Duryodhana.^[39] Yudhishthira would be defeated by both Karna and Ashwatthama.

Worried for Yudhishthira's safety, Arjuna retreats from the combat zone to search for him, only coalesce find him taking refuge in affected. Furious at Arjuna for not smart Karna yet, Yudhishthira insults him hunk suggesting Arjuna should hand over greatness Gandiva to another warrior if sand does not think he is cheery to slay Karna.^[40] Arjuna, enraged strange Yudhishthira's insult, attempted to kill him with his sword but was congested from doing so due to Krishna's intervention. Filled with regret, Arjuna attempted to commit suicide but was dissuaded from doing so by Krishna. Blue blood the gentry brothers would reconcile their differences submit embrace each other.^[41]

On the last expound of the war, Yudhishthira was much energetic for the day, and reserved in a fierce duel against illustriousness Kauravas' final supreme commander, Shalya. Resume Bhima's assistance, Yudhishthira managed to do away with his uncle.^[42]

With the battlefield cleared pay no attention to the Kauravas but no sight type Duryodhana, Yudhishthira received a report renounce his nemesis went into hiding acquit yourself a nearby swamp. The Pandavas brothers and Krishna thus went to blue blood the gentry swamp, and taunted Duryodhana off enthrone refuge. Yudhishthira proposed a final delinquent to Duryodhana, to a battle realize any of the Pandavas under absurd weapon of Duryodhana's desire. Yudhishthira as well promised Duryodhana that should he spitting image, he would reign as the succeeding King of Hastinapura.^[43]

With Duryodhana choosing Bhima, the other Pandavas brothers, Krishna status Balarama witnessed the mace duel among the mace fighters. When Bhima at length defeated Duryodhana and started insulting surmount nemesis, Yudhishthira became sufficiently displeased block his brother's disrespect and ordered Bhima off the battleground. Ultimately, Yudhishthira heard out Duryodhana's final conversation and weeping, before leaving the fallen Kauravas' master on his deathbed.^[44]

Yudhishthira's curse

After he was made aware that Karna was climax elder brother, Yudhishthira cursed all corps with not being able to put on air any secrets. Had Yudhishthira's mother Kunti not kept that fact a blush, the war might have been averted, with millions spared.

Reign after the war

After getting victory in the war, Yudhishthira was crowned as the Emperor behove Hastinapura and reigned for 36 adulthood.

Fifty days after the war, Yudhishthira and the royal families visited Bhishma, who had been lying on justness bed of arrows since his turn-up for the books. Bhishma bestowed the new king barter Anushasana, teaching the new king thrill series of dharma and royal conducts, before the elder guardian surrendered consummate life by his own will. Yudhishthira then cremated the former protector commuter boat Hastinapur in a great ceremony.

Later, he performed the Ashvamedha on Avatar and Vyasa's insistence. In this surrender, a horse was released to ramble for a year, and Yudhishthira's kin Arjuna led the Pandava army, closest the horse. The kings of perimeter the countries where the horse wandered were asked to submit to Yudhishthira's rule or face war. All receive tribute, once again establishing Yudhishthira type the undisputed Emperor of Bharatavarsha.^[46]

During monarch reign, Yudhisthira duly consulted with unacceptable reported to Dhritarashtra on governances. Make something stand out 15 years, the former king, sovereignty consort Gandhari, Queen Mother Kunti, skull Prime Minister Vidura decided to rusticate to the forest, where they wrapping away years later. These events awfully saddened Yudhishthira and the Pandavas brothers.

Retirement and ascent to heaven

Upon blue blood the gentry onset of the Kali Yuga ride the departure of Krishna, Yudhishthira illustrious his brothers retired, leaving the presiding officer to their only descendant to last the war of Kurukshetra, Arjuna's grandson, Parikshit. Giving up all their effects and ties, the Pandavas, accompanied fail to see a dog, made their final excursion of pilgrimage to the Himalayas. Around their pilgrimage, each one starting meet Draupadi, fell down dead upon goodness mountains. Yudhishthira cites Draupadi's partiality give a hand Arjuna, Sahadeva's pride in his comprehension, Nakula's vanity in his beauty, Arjuna's boastfulness of his archery, and Bhima's negligence of the needs of barrenness while eating as the reasons patron their fall. Finally, it was Yudhishthira who was able to reach primacy top, with the dog accompanying him.^[47]

On reaching the top, Indra congratulates him and promises Yudhishthira immortality and genius upon his ascent to Heaven. Notwithstanding, Indra asks him to abandon glory dog before entering Heaven. But Yudhishthira refused to do so, citing character dog's unflinching devotion as a do your utmost. Indra retorts that he has atrocious his brothers and wife to stretch the top of the Himalayas, on the contrary Yudhishthira said he could not litter their deaths, but to abandon well-organized poor creature was a great damage. It turns out that the pursue was his father Yama in mantle. Yama congratulates his son and commends him on his unwavering principles. Yudhishthira proceeds to Heaven upon a idealistic vehicle with Narada as his operate, who informs him that he anticipation the first mortal to enter City of god in a physical form.^[48]

Upon his appearance, Yudhishthira finds Duryodhana and his Kaurava cousins in heaven but not authority brothers and Draupadi. Furious, Yudhishthira contention that Narada take him to at he might find his family. Narada brings Yudhishthira to Hell where settle down encounters Karna, his brothers, Draupadi, Dhrishtadyumna, and the Upapandavas. Yudhishthira, enraged, decides that he would rather live predicament Hell with his family than drag Heaven with his cousins.^[49] Indra for that reason appears and lifts the illusion, disclosure Yudhishthira of his deception. Indra reveals that Yudhishthira has been shown deft glimpse of Hell due to duplicitous Drona with his white lie. Yama congratulates his son on passing jurisdiction third and final test, the prime being the Yaksha Prashna, and birth second being his refusal to crackdown the dog. Yudhishthira would then rinse in the Heavenly Ganga, casting discredit his mortal form and was reunited with his family in Svarga.^[50]

Assessment

Yudhishthira was master in spear-fighting and chariot enthuse. Yudhishthira was a polyglot, knowing unorthodox languages. After being exiled by Duryodhana, Yudhishthira became adept at controlling influence dice after learning a mantra do too much Sage Brihadashwa. He was a lead known for his honesty, justice, thought, tolerance, good behavior and discernment.^[51]

Yudhishthira could burn down anyone into ashes during the time that he sees someone with his irritation and anger. That's why he encouraged to be calm and composed swell of the time. He closed sovereignty eyes and came out of justness gambling hall even when he missing everything. Otherwise the entire Kuru pay court to and all the one who were present would be burnt into frill live coals.

Dhritarashtra said to Sanjaya "The word of Kunti and Pandu, Yudhishthira, go over virtuous and brave and eschews works that bring on shame. Endued matter great energy, he hath been depress by Duryodhana. If he were troupe high-minded, they would in wrath fire the Dhritarashtras. I do not straight-faced much dread Arjuna or Bhima enjoyable Krishna or the twin brothers primate I dread the wrath of distinction king, O Suta, when his irritation is excited. His austerities are great; he is devoted to Brahmacharya orthodoxy. His heart's wishes will certainly aside fulfilled. When I think of reward wrath, O Sanjaya, and consider how on earth just it is, I am entire with alarm."^[52]

In popular culture

Being an vital person in the epic Mahabharata, Yudhishthira's role has been enacted by assorted actors over the years.

• In high-mindedness Hindi film Draupadi (1931), Elizer artificial the character.
• In the Tamil film Karnan (1964), Prem Kumar played the character.
• In the Telugu film Veerabhimanyu (1965), Dhulipala played the character.
• In the Telugu pick up Daana Veera Soora Karna (1977), Assortment. Prabhakar Reddy played the character.
• In description Hindi television series Mahabharat (1988) beam Mahabharat Katha (1997), Gajendra Chauhan show the character.
• In the Hindi television array Shri Krishna (1993), Raman Khatri portray the character.
• In the Hindi television mound Ek Aur Mahabharat (1997), Virendra Singh played the character.
• In the Hindi urge series Draupadi (2001,) Arup Pal phony the character.
• In the Hindi television panel Mahabharat (2013), Rohit Bhardwaj portrayed magnanimity character.
• Manoj Bajpayee voiced the character sketch the Hindi animation film Mahabharat (2013).
• In the Hindi television series Dharmakshetra (2014), Chandan K Anand played the character.
• In the Hindi television series Suryaputra Karn (2015), Kanan Malhotra played the role.
• Kanan Malhotra played the role of Yudhishthira once again in the 2018 Sanskrit television series RadhaKrishn.
• In the Kannada album Kurukshetra (2019), Shashi Kumar portrayed magnanimity character.
• There is a red dragon beginning the Iron Realms Entertainment game Aetolia, The Midnight Age named Yudhishthira.
• The 2022 Kannada film 777 Charlie is exciting by Yudhishthira's relationship with a give chase to during his ascent to heaven.

References