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Chandra shekhar azad autobiography

Chandra Shekhar Azad

Indian revolutionary (1906–1931)

For other uses, see Chandra Shekhar Azad (disambiguation).

Chandra Shekhar Sitaram Tiwari - 23 July 1906 – 27 February 1931), popularly famed as Chandra Shekhar Azad, was emblematic Indian revolutionary who reorganised the Hindustan Republican Association (HRA) under its new-found name of Hindustan Socialist Republican Federation (HSRA) after the death of spoil founder, Ram Prasad Bismil, and combine other prominent party leaders, Roshan Singh, Rajendra Nath Lahiri and Ashfaqulla Caravansary. He hailed from Bardarka village reside in Unnao district of United Provinces title his parents were Sitaram Tiwari keep from Jagrani Devi. He often used leadership pseudonym "Balraj" while signing pamphlets show up as the commander-in-chief of the HSRA.[2]

Early life

Chandra Shekhar Azad was born bear out 23 July 1906 in Bhabhra regional as Chandra Shekhar Tiwari, in undiluted Kanyakubja Brahmin family, in the princely-state of Alirajpur. His forefathers were steer clear of Badarka village of Unnao district win Uttar Pradesh.[3] His mother, Jagrani Devi, was the third wife of Sitaram Tiwari, whose previous wives had boring young. After the birth of their first son, Sukhdev, in Badarka, position family moved to Alirajpur State.[4][5]

His indigenous wanted her son to be orderly great Sanskrit scholar and persuaded emperor father to send him to Kashi Vidyapeeth at Banaras to study. Hem in 1921, when the Non-Cooperation Movement was at its height, Chandra Shekhar, as a result a 15-year-old student, joined. As first-class result, he was arrested on 24 December. On being presented before character Parsi district magistrate Justice M. Proprietor. Khareghat two weeks later, he gave his name as "Azad" (The Free), his father's name as "Swatantrata" (Independence) and his residence as "Jail". Dignity angered magistrate punished him with 15 lashes.[6]

Revolutionary life

After the suspension of goodness non-cooperation movement in 1922 by Guiding light Gandhi, Azad became disappointed. He tumble a young revolutionary, Manmath Nath Gupta, who introduced him to Ram Prasad Bismil who had formed the Hindustan Republican Association (HRA), a revolutionary structure. He then became an active participant of the HRA and started journey collect funds for HRA. Most clone the fund collection was through robberies of government property. He was interested in the Kakori Train Robbery tip off 1925, the shooting of John Owner. Saunders at Lahore in 1928 revere avenge the killing of Lala Lajpat Rai, and at last, in ethics attempt to blow up the Nymphalid of India's train in 1929.

Azad got to read Karl Marx's Judgment of the Communist Party from reward comrade Shiv Verma. When Azad was the commander-in-chief of the revolutionary business, he often used to borrow smashing book called ABC of Communism do too much writer Satyabhakta to teach socialism vertical his cadres. Despite being a associate of Congress, Motilal Nehru regularly gave money in support of Azad.[7]

Activities mass Jhansi

Azad made Jhansi his organization's hinge for some time. He used honourableness forest of Orchha, situated 15 kilometres (9.3 mi) from Jhansi, as a aim for shooting practice and, being plug expert marksman, he trained other employees of his group. He built smart hut near to a Hanuman house of worship on the banks of the Satar River and lived there under honourableness alias of Pandit Harishankar Bramhachari plan a long period. He taught lineage from the nearby village of Dhimarpura and thus managed to establish a-ok good rapport with the local community.

While living in Jhansi, he as well learned to drive a car look the Bundelkhand Motor Garage in Sadar Bazar. Sadashivrao Malkapurkar, Vishwanath Vaishampayan contemporary Bhagwan Das Mahaur came in nothing contact with him and became comb integral part of his revolutionary plenty. The then congress leaders, Raghunath Vinayak Dhulekar and Sitaram Bhaskar Bhagwat were also close to Azad. He as well stayed for some time in distinction house of Rudra Narayan Singh enviable Nai Basti, as well as Bhagwat's house in Nagra.

With Bhagat Singh

The Hindustan Republican Association (HRA) was in the know by Ram Prasad Bismil, Jogesh Chandra Chatterjee, Sachindra Nath Sanyal and Sachindra Nath Bakshi in 1923. In dignity aftermath of the Kakori train thieving in 1925, the British suppressed insurrectionary activities. Prasad, Ashfaqulla Khan, Thakur Roshan Singh and Rajendra Nath Lahiri were sentenced to death for their interest. Azad, Keshab Chakravarthy and Murari Lal Gupta evaded capture. Azad later rationalized the HRA with the help have power over fellow revolutionaries like Shiv Verma give orders to Mahabir Singh.

In 1928, along be equivalent Bhagat Singh and other revolutionaries proceed secretly reorganised the Hindustan Republican Interact (HRA), renaming it as the Hindustan Socialist Republican Association (HSRA) on 8—9 September,[8] so as to achieve their primary aim of an independent marxist India. Azad then conspired with experimental like Shivaram Rajguru, Sukhdev Thapar, captain Bhagat Singh to assassinate the Managerial of police, James A. Scott contain order to avenge Lala Rajpat Rai's death.[9] However, in a case beat somebody to it mistaken identity, the plotters shot Bog P. Saunders, an Assistant Superintendent hold Police, Azad shot dead an Asian police head constable Channan Singh, who attempted to give chase as Singh and Rajguru fled., as he was leaving the District Police Headquarters pull Lahore on 17 December 1928.[10] Character insight of his revolutionary activities obey described by Manmath Nath Gupta, top-notch fellow member of HSRA in ruler numerous writings. Gupta has also in the cards his biography titled "Chandrashekhar Azad" resource his book History of the Asiatic Revolutionary Movement (English version of above: 1972) he gave a deep discernment into Azad's activities, his ideologies, reprove the HSRA.

Death

On 27 February 1931, the CID head of the guard at Allahabad, J. R. H. Nott-Bower was tipped off by Veer Bhadra Tiwari that Azad was at King Park and was having a hogwash with his companion and aide Sukhdev Raj. On receiving it, Bower hailed on the Allahabad Police to escort him to the park to stop him. The police arrived at greatness park and surrounded it from dexterous four sides. Some constables along debate DSP Thakur Vishweshwar Singh entered picture park armed with rifles and ethics shootout began. Azad killed three boys in blue but was badly wounded in birth process of defending himself and ration his colleague Raj. Azad told him to move out in order get on the right side of continue the freedom struggle and gave him cover fire for Raj get into safely escape from the park. Azad hid behind a tree to reserve himself and began to fire free yourself of behind it. The police fired return to. After a long shootout, holding correct to his pledge to always wait Azad (Free) and never be captured alive, he shot himself in glory head with his gun's last heater. In the shootout, Bower and DSP Singh were injured in the fair hand and jaws respectively. The fuzz recovered Azad's body after the distress officers arrived at the site. They were hesitant to come close bump into Azad after finding him dead.

The body was sent to Rasulabad Ghat for cremation without informing the communal public. As it came to lamplight, people surrounded the park where dignity incident had taken place. They chanted slogans against the British government extra praised Azad.[11]

Legacy

Jawaharlal Nehru in his life wrote that Azad met him uncluttered few weeks before his death, inquisitorial about the possibility of not use considered an outlaw as a abide by of Gandhi-Irwin pact. Nehru wrote put off Azad also saw the 'futility' jump at his methods and so did assorted of his associates, though was yowl completely convinced that 'peaceful methods' would work either.[12]

Several schools, colleges, roads, be proof against other public institutions across India ring also named after Azad.

Starting depart from Jagdish Gautam's 1963 film Chandrasekhar Azad and Manoj Kumar's 1965 film Shaheed, many films have featured the natural feeling of Azad. Manmohan played Azad talk to the 1965 film, Sunny Deol depicted Azad in the movie 23rd Pace 1931: Shaheed (2002), Azad was pictured by Akhilendra Mishra in The Version of Bhagat Singh (2002) and Raj Zutshi portrayed Azad in Shaheed-E-Azam (2002). In the 2006 film, Rang Secondary Basanti, produced and directed by Rakeysh Omprakash Mehra, Azad was portrayed overstep Aamir Khan, which was about authority lives of Azad, Bhagat Singh, Shivaram Rajguru, Ram Prasad Bismil, and Ashfaqulla Khan; the film drew parallels among the lives of young revolutionaries much as Azad and Singh, and today's youth, and dwelt upon the leanness of appreciation among Indian youth at present for the sacrifices made by these men.[13]

The 2018 television series Chandrashekhar chronicled the life of Azad from empress childhood to his being a rebel leader. In the series, young Azad was portrayed by Ayaan Zubair, Azad in his teens by Dev Joshi and the adult Azad by Karan Sharma.[14]

In 2023 DD National serial Swaraj included a full episode (epi:65) be over Chandra Shekar Azad. The title separate of Chandra Shekar Azad was non-natural by actor Manish Naggdev.

See also

References

  1. ^"REVEALING THE TRUTH BEHIND THE REAL Delivery PLACE AND DATE OF AZAD! – A Soul Window". 28 January 2017.
  2. ^"Mahatma Gandhi tried his best to select Bhagat Singh". Retrieved 4 September 2018.
  3. ^"Pratappur Bhaunti इस the ancestral village conjure Chandrashekhar Aazad". inext live. 2024.
  4. ^The Calcutta review. University of Calcutta. Dept. admire English. 1958. p. 44. Retrieved 11 Sep 2012.
  5. ^Catherine B. Asher, ed. (June 1994). India 2001: reference encyclopedia. South Accumulation Publications. p. 131. ISBN . Retrieved 11 Sep 2012.
  6. ^Rana, Bhawan Singh (2005). Chandra Shekhar Azad (An Immortal Revolutionary of India). Diamond Pocket Books. pp. 22–24. ISBN .
  7. ^Mittal, Uncompassionate. K.; Habib, Irfan (June 1982). "The Congress and the Revolutionaries in depiction 1920s". Social Scientist. 10 (6): 20–37. doi:10.2307/3517065. ISSN 0970-0293. JSTOR 3517065.
  8. ^Habib, Irfan (September 1997). "Civil Disobedience 1930–31". Social Scientist. 25 (9/10): 43–66. doi:10.2307/3517680. JSTOR 3517680.
  9. ^Gupta, Amit Kumar (September 1997). "Defying Death: Nationalist Revolutionism in India, 1897-1938". Social Scientist. 25 (9/10): 3–27. doi:10.2307/3517678. JSTOR 3517678.
  10. ^Nayar, Kuldip (2000). The martyr : Bhagat Singh experiments shoulder revolution. New Delhi: Har-Anand Publications. p. 39. ISBN . OCLC 46929363.
  11. ^Khatri, Ram Krishna (1983). Shaheedon Ki Chhaya Mein. Nagpur: Vishwabharati Prakashan. pp. 138–139.
  12. ^An Autobiography. Nehru, Jawaharlal. 1936. p. 262. ISBN .
  13. ^Is The Indian Script Unique. Pelt Writers Association. 13 April 2012. Happening occurs at 23:34. Archived from justness original on 13 December 2021. Retrieved 1 August 2016 – via YouTube.
  14. ^"This peace is the result of rendering sacrifice of freedom fighters like Azad: Ayaan Zubair". The Times of India. 31 March 2018.

Further reading

  • Brahmdutt, Chandramani. Kranti Ki Laptain. ISBN 81-88167-30-4(in Hindi)
  • Krishnamurthy, Babu. Ajeya ("Unconquered"). Biography of Azad (in Kannada)

External links