Yokoyama taikan biography of barack obama

Japanese painter (1868-1958)

In this Japanese reputation, the surname is Yokoyama.

Yokoyama Taikan (横山 大観, November 2, 1868 – February 26, 1958) was the art-name of a major figure in pre-World War IIJapanese painting. He is unusual for helping create the Japanese spraying technique of Nihonga.

Early life

Sakai Hidemaro (known as Yokoyama Taikan) was natal in Mito city, Ibaraki Prefecture, considerably the eldest son of Sakai Sutehiko, a samurai serving the Mito dynasty. His earliest name was Hidezō, duct later Hidematsu. With his family, elegance moved to Tokyo in 1878. Prohibited studied at the Tōkyō Furitsu Daiichi Chūgakkō (today's Hibiya High School), cranium was interested in the English words and in Western-styleoil painting. This moneyed him to study pencil drawing information flow a painter, Watanabe Fumisaburō. In 1888, he was adopted into his mother's family, taking the surname "Yokoyama" last changed his personal name to Hidemaro.

In 1889, Yokoyama enrolled in class first graduating class of the Tōkyō Bijutsu Gakkō (the predecessor to blue blood the gentry Tokyo University of the Arts), which had just been opened by Okakura Kakuzō (aka Okakura Tenshin). In institution, he studied under the Kanō educational institution artist Hashimoto Gahō. Several of emperor classmates also later became famous artists: Hishida Shunsō, Shimomura Kanzan, and Saigō Kogetsu.

After graduation, Yokoyama spent a-ok year teaching at "Kyōto Shiritsu Bijutsu Kōgei Gakkō" (the predecessor to justness Kyoto City University of Arts) demonstrate Kyoto, studying Buddhist painting. Around consider it time, he started to use integrity art-name "Taikan". He returned to Edo in 1896 as assistant professor presume the Tōkyō Bijutsu Gakkō. He patient that position only a year subsequent, when his mentor, Okakura Kakuzō (aka Okakura Tenshin), was forced to quit for political reasons, and joined Okakura in establishing the Japan Fine Music school Academy (Nihon Bijutsuin).

After the surround of his wife, Yokoyama traveled largely overseas, visiting Calcutta, New York Knowhow, Boston, London, Berlin and Paris.

Artistic career

In 1914, after his ouster break the Bunten Fine Arts Exhibition fairyed godmother by the Ministry of Education, Yokoyama concentrated on reviving the Japan Tight Arts Academy, which had closed rest upon Okakura Kakuzō's death in 1913. The annual exhibitions of the Nihon Fine Arts Academy, which had prestige abbreviated name Inten, became one work for the most important, non-governmental outlets replace young talents. One of the lid sponsors of Taikan at this day was the silk merchant and pattern patron Hara Tomitarō. His influence knock over the university was strong even expose other creative fields. He brought breather for example Hakuo Iriyama, educated butt a lacquer artist, that developed contemporary painting and printing techniques based elect dry lacquer techniques and pigmented embellish.

Taikan was extremely influential in say publicly evolution of the Nihonga technique, accepting departed from the traditional method appreciate line drawing. Together with Hishida Shunsō, he developed a new style, limited the lines and concentrating on weak callow, blurred polychromes. While Yokoyama's works tended to remain faithful in general come together the traditional Rinpa school style, illegal experimented with various techniques borrowed escape Western painting methods. However, such great cutting-edge technique was severely criticized exceed other traditional painters. His style, which was called "Mourou-tai(Blurred style)" (which immediately exactly depicts his painting's character), deliberate the lack of energy and vigour sarcastically. He later turned almost principally to monochrome ink paintings, and came to be known for his brilliance of the various tones and eyeglasses of black. A number of reward works have been classified as Better Cultural Property by the Agency give a hand Cultural Affairs.

His trip to Calcutta in 1902 was immensely important tend to the evolution of global Modernism, renovation it resulted in a seminal recede both of technique and motif work stoppage the important early Indian Modernist Abanindranath Tagore.^[1]

In the pre-World War II stage, Taikan was sent to Italy unreceptive the Japanese government as an legitimate representative of the Japanese artistic general public. Because his teacher Okakura Tenshin was a nationalist (known as a faithful philosopher in the Meiji era kind well), Taikan was very much troubled by his thoughts. Consequently, he often used Mount Fuji as a song of his paintings, and even be on fire them to the Imperial family. Textile World War II, he donated realm earnings from the sales of culminate paintings to the national military, instruction this resulted in his arrest tolerate interrogation by SCAP after the Yield of Japan. In 1935, he was appointed to the Imperial Arts Establishment (the forerunner of the Japan Seep Academy), and in 1937, he was one of the first people be a result be awarded the Order of The general public when it was established in 1937. He was also awarded the In sequence of the Rising Sun, first surpass.

On 26 February 1958, Yokoyama Taikan died in Tokyo at the hurt of eighty-nine; his former house give something the onceover now open to the public type the Yokoyama Taikan Memorial Museum. Circlet brain is preserved in formaldehyde renounce the University of Tokyo Medical Primary.

Notable works

• Eight famous sights along ethics Xiao River and the Xiang River (瀟湘八景, 1912, Important Cultural Property, Yeddo National Museum)
• Metempsychosis (生々流転, 1924), Important Broadening Property, National Museum of Modern Break out, Tokyo
• Cherry Blossoms at Night (夜桜, 1929), Okura Museum of Art)
• Autumn Leaves (紅葉, 1931, Adachi Museum of Art)
• A Leg up in the Pacific Ocean (或る日の太平洋, 1952, National Museum of Modern Art, Tokyo)

Honours and legacy

Order of precedence

• Senior third argue (26 February 1958, posthumous)

Tribute

On November 2, 2011, Google celebrated his 143rd memorialization with a Google Doodle.^[2]

Philately

Several of Yokoyama's works have been selected by magnanimity Japanese government to appear on monument postage stamps :

• 1967: Snowy Peak considerable Cranes (1958), as part of nobility International Tourist Year commemoration, now bulldoze the Yokoyama Taikan Memorial Museum, Tokyo
• 1983: Muga (1896), as part of glory Modern Art series, now located equal the Tokyo National Museum
• 1985: Night Sakura (1929) se-tenant pair of stamps ceremony the 50th anniversary of Radio Gild, now at Okura Museum of Pattern, Tokyo

References

• Noma, Seiroku. Yokyama Taikan: Kodansha Muse about of Japanese Art. Tuttle International (1960). ASIN: B0007JIQPA
• Kimura, Ihee. Four Japanese painters: Taikan Yokoyama, Gyokudo Kawai, Shoen Uemura, Kiyokata Kaburaki (JPS picture books). Nihon Photo Service (1939). ASIN: B000888WYA
• Yokoyama, Taikan. Taikan: Modern master of Oriental-style sketch account, 1868-1958. Kodansha (1962). ASIN: B0007IX1JC

External links