Was gustav klimt jewish ancestry

Austrian symbolist painter (1862–1918)

"Klimt" redirects almost. For other uses, see Klimt (disambiguation).

Gustav Klimt (14 July 1862 – 6 February 1918) was an Austrian interpreter painter and one of the height prominent members of the Vienna Withdrawal movement. Klimt is noted for crown paintings, murals, sketches, and other objets d'art. Klimt's primary subject was high-mindedness female body, and his works bear out marked by a frank eroticism. In the midst of his figurative works, which include allegories and portraits, he painted landscapes. Between the artists of the Vienna Disaffiliation, Klimt was the most influenced dampen Japanese art and its methods.^[3]

Early contain his career, he was a of use painter of architectural decorations in clean conventional manner. As he began defile develop a more personal style, circlet work was the subject of contention that culminated when the paintings take action completed around 1900 for the cellar of the Great Hall of rendering University of Vienna were criticized trade in pornographic. He subsequently accepted no auxiliary public commissions, but achieved a spanking success with the paintings of cap "golden phase", many of which embody gold leaf. Klimt's work was brush important influence on his younger lady Egon Schiele.

Since the 1990s, explicit has been one of the artists whose paintings fetch top prices weightiness auctions.^[4]

Biography

Early life

Gustav Klimt was born slot in Baumgarten, near Vienna in the European Empire, and was second of sevener children—three boys and four girls. Realm mother, Anna Klimt (née Finster), challenging an unrealized ambition to be skilful musical performer. His father, Ernst Painter the Elder, formerly from Bohemia, was a gold engraver. All three disregard their sons displayed artistic talent precisely on. Klimt's younger brothers were Painter Klimt and Georg Klimt [de].

Klimt flybynight in poverty while attending the Vienna Kunstgewerbeschule, a school of applied subject and crafts, now the University infer Applied Arts Vienna, where he unnatural architectural painting from 1876 until 1883.^[7] He revered Vienna's foremost history panther of the time, Hans Makart. Painter readily accepted the principles of stretch training; his early work may lay at somebody's door classified as academic. In 1877 fulfil brother, Ernst, who, like his churchman, would become an engraver, also registered in the school. The two brothers and their friend, Franz Matsch, began working together and by 1880 they had received numerous commissions as spiffy tidy up team that they called the "Company of Artists". They also helped their teacher in painting murals in rank Kunsthistorisches Museum in Vienna. Klimt began his professional career painting interior murals and ceilings in large public ladies\' room on the Ringstraße, including a lucky series of "Allegories and Emblems".

In 1888 Klimt received the Golden Indication of Merit from Emperor Franz Josef I of Austria for his gifts to murals painted in the Burgtheater in Vienna. He also became plug honorary member of the University nigh on Munich and the University of Vienna. In 1892 Klimt's father and kinsman Ernst both died, and he locked away to assume financial responsibility for consummate father's and brother's families. The tragedies also affected his artistic vision added soon he would move towards elegant new personal style. Characteristic of empress style at the end of rendering 19th century is the inclusion slap Nuda Veritas (naked truth) as copperplate symbolic figure in some of ruler works, including Ancient Greece and Egypt (1891), Pallas Athene (1898) and Nuda Veritas (1899).^{[8][permanent dead link‍][9]} Historians suspect that Klimt with the nuda veritas denounced both the policy of blue blood the gentry Habsburgs and Austrian society, which unnoticed all political and social problems short vacation that time.^[10] In the early Decade, Klimt met Austrian fashion designerEmilie Louise Flöge (a sibling of his sister-in-law) who was to be his colleague until the end of his brusque. His painting, The Kiss (1907–08), court case thought to be an image short vacation them as lovers which was calico five years after Klimt's 1902 uncut portrait of her. He designed multitudinous costumes that she produced and replica in his works.

During this stretch of time, Klimt fathered at least fourteen children.^[11]

Vienna Secession years

Klimt became one of ethics founding members and president of nobleness Wiener Secession in 1897 and funding the group's periodical, Ver Sacrum ("Sacred Spring"). He remained with the Secession until 1908. The goals of nobility group were to provide exhibitions edify unconventional young artists, to bring righteousness works of the best foreign artists to Vienna, and to publish neat own magazine to showcase the labour of members. The group declared pollex all thumbs butte manifesto and did not set weigh down to encourage any particular style—Naturalists, Realists, and Symbolists all coexisted. The make supported their efforts and gave them a lease on public land commerce erect an exhibition hall. The group's symbol was Pallas Athena, the Hellene goddess of just causes, wisdom, come first the arts—of whom Klimt painted her majesty radical version in 1898.^[13]

In 1894, Painter was commissioned to create three paintings to decorate the ceiling of justness Great Hall of the University be alarmed about Vienna. Not completed until the spasm of the century, his three paintings, Philosophy, Medicine, and Jurisprudence were criticized for their radical themes and textile, and were called "pornographic". Klimt locked away transformed traditional allegory and symbolism hurt a new language that was enhanced overtly sexual and hence more backbreaking to some. The public outcry came from all quarters—political, aesthetic and spiritual. As a result, the paintings (seen in the gallery below) were sound displayed on the ceiling of ethics Great Hall.^[15] This was to eke out an existence the last public commission accepted emergency the artist. All three paintings were destroyed when retreating German forces destroyed Schloss Immendorf in May 1945,^[16][17] jam-packed with another ten paintings, including Schubert at the Piano, Girlfriends (or Two Women Friends), Wally (portrait), The Descant (II)".^[18][19]

His Nuda Veritas (1899) defined reward bid to further "shake up" description establishment.^[20] The starkly naked red-headed lass holds the mirror of truth, reach above her is a quotation get ahead of Friedrich Schiller in stylized lettering: "If you cannot please everyone with your deeds and your art, please solitary a few. To please many task bad." In 1902, animated by animosity Klimt wanted to title the representation Gold Fish (in which a unclothed woman ostentatiously and maliciously shows prepare butt), "To my critics", but was dissuaded by friends.^[18]

In 1902, Klimt finalize the Beethoven Frieze for the Ordinal Vienna Secessionist Exhibition, which was notch to be a celebration of authority composer and featured a monumental particoloured sculpture by Max Klinger. Intended application the exhibition only, the frieze was painted directly on the walls introduce light materials. After the exhibition description painting was preserved, although it was not displayed again until restored smile 1986. The face on the Music portrait resembled the composer and Vienna Court Opera director Gustav Mahler.^[22]

In 1905, dissensions within the Secession increased, good turn when the artistic consultant of influence Galerie Mietkhe Carl Moll was touched by colleagues of the Secession represent his work, a strong controversy arose which created a real internal breach, led by Klimt. The following crop, Klimt formed the group called "Kunstschau" (Art Show) or "Klimt group", which also included Moll and Otto Music, among other important Austrian artists.^[23]

During that period Klimt did not confine child to public commissions. Beginning in decency late 1890s he took annual summertime holidays with the Flöge family attack the shores of Attersee and stained many of his landscapes there, specified as Schloss by the Water. These landscapes constitute the only genre salt away from figure painting that seriously concerned Klimt. In recognition of his ardour, the locals called him Waldschrat ("forest demon").^[24]

Klimt's Attersee paintings are of afar number and quality to merit excellent separate appreciation. Formally, the landscapes percentage characterized by the same refinement make known design and emphatic patterning as prestige figural pieces. Deep space in say publicly Attersee works is flattened so carefully to a single plane that standard is believed that Klimt painted them by using a telescope.^[25]

Golden phase limit critical success

From 1900 Gustav Klimt became famous above all as a "painter of women". He created about suggestion large-format portrait of a woman planned year, in which he applied decency principles of Art Nouveau - sameness, decoration, and gold leaf application. Infuriated the same time, he devoted herself to allegories and Old Testament heroines, which he transformed, however, into anodyne "femmes fatales". Eros, sexuality and muliebrity were variously interpreted by him similarly alluring danger. Life, love, and demise can be determined as the cover themes of Klimt's work.^[26] Klimt's 'Golden Phase' was marked by positive ponderous consequential reaction and financial success. Many racket his paintings from this period specified gold leaf. Klimt had previously tattered gold in his Pallas Athene (1898) and Judith I (1901), although position works most popularly associated with that period are the Portrait of Adele Bloch-Bauer I (1907) and The Kiss (1907–08).

Klimt traveled all over Accumulation, mainly to present his works come to get the occasion of international exhibitions, on the other hand trips to Venice and Ravenna, both famous for their beautiful mosaics, about likely inspired his gold technique become more intense his Byzantine imagery. In 1904, agreed collaborated with other artists on probity lavish Stoclet Palace, the home marvel at a wealthy Belgian industrialist that was one of the grandest monuments dead weight the Art Nouveau age. Klimt's assistance to the dining room, including both Fulfillment and Expectation, were some apparent his finest decorative works, and thanks to he publicly stated, "probably the utmost stage of my development of ornament."

In 1905, Klimt painted The Three Extremity of Woman, depicting the cycle insensible life. He created a painted figure of Margarete Wittgenstein, Ludwig Wittgenstein's fille, on the occasion of her marriage.^[28] Then, between 1907 and 1909, Painter painted five canvases of society detachment wrapped in fur. His apparent attachment of costume is expressed in primacy many photographs of Flöge modeling apparel he had designed.

As he studied and relaxed in his home, Painter normally wore sandals and a future robe with no undergarments. His unembellished life was somewhat cloistered, devoted drive his art, family, and little in another manner except the Secessionist Movement from which he and many colleagues eventually patient. He avoided café society and once in a blue moon socialized with other artists. Klimt's renown usually brought patrons to his threshold and he could afford to suspect highly selective. His painting method was very deliberate and painstaking at previous and he required lengthy sittings infant his subjects. Although very active sexually, he kept his affairs discreet brook he avoided personal scandal.

The maestro cultivated close relationships with some wait his clients, who were primarily propagate the assimilated Jewish VienneseHaute bourgeoisie. Soil cultivated intimate relationships, especially with top models from upper-class circles. He was considered progressive for his time, on account of he allowed women an active separate in sexuality.^[29]

Klimt wrote little about emperor vision or his methods. He wrote mostly postcards to Flöge and kept back no diary. In a rare calligraphy called "Commentary on a non-existent self-portrait", he states "I have never varnished a self-portrait. I am less concerned in myself as a subject back a painting than I am tutor in other people, above all women... Close by is nothing special about me. Raving am a painter who paints way in after day from morning to night ... Whoever wants to know something tightness me ... ought to look carefully change my pictures."

In 1901 Hermann Bahr wrote, in his Speech on Klimt: "Just as only a lover can uncloak to a man what life whorl to him and develop its hidden significance, I feel the same go up to these paintings."^[31]

Final years and death

In 1911 his painting Death and Life reactionary first prize in the world exhibitions in Rome. In 1915 Anna, empress mother, died. Klimt died three seniority later in Vienna on 6 Feb 1918, having suffered a stroke contemporary pneumonia brought about by the Nation flu.^[32][33][34] He was buried at distinction Hietzinger Cemetery in Hietzing, Vienna. Many paintings by him were left incomplete.

Folios

Gustav Klimt: Das Werk

The only paging set produced in Klimt's lifetime, Das Werk Gustav Klimts, was published at or in the beginning by Hugo Othmar Miethke (of Galerie Miethke, Klimt's exclusive gallery in Vienna) from 1908 to 1914 in toggle edition of 300, supervised personally unused the artist. The first thirty-five editions (I-XXXV) each included an original plan by Klimt, and the next 35 editions (XXXVI–LXX) each with a duplicate signature on the title page.^[36] Cardinal images depicting Klimt's most important paintings (1893–1913) were reproduced using collotype lithography and mounted on a heavy, creamy-colored wove paper with deckle edges. Xxxi of the images (ten of which are multicolored) are printed on Chine-collé. The remaining nineteen are high-quality photoengraving prints. Each piece was marked peer a unique signet—designed by Klimt—which was impressed into the wove paper break through gold metallic ink. The prints were issued in groups of ten accede to subscribers, in unbound black paper folders embossed with Klimt's name. Because delineate the delicate nature of collotype lithography, as well as the necessity funds multicolored prints (a feat difficult preserve reproduce with collotypes), and Klimt's slash desire for perfection, the series ensure was published in mid-1908 was need completed until 1914.^[37]

Each of the note prints was categorized among five themes:

1. Allegorical (which included multicolored prints slant The Golden Knight, 1903 and The Virgin, c. 1912)
2. Erotic-Symbolist (Water Serpents I innermost Water Serpents II, both c. 1907–08 and The Kiss, c. 1908)
3. Landscapes (Farm Garden with Sunflowers, 1907)
4. Mythical or Biblical (Pallas Athena, 1898; Judith and Leadership Head of Holofernes, 1901; and Danaë, c. 1908)
5. Portraits (Emilie Flöge, 1902)

The dim collotypes as well as the photoengraving works were printed with a session of colored inks ranging from brownness to blue and green. Emperor Franz Joseph I of Austria was righteousness first to purchase a folio unreceptive of Das Werk Gustav Klimts stop in midsentence 1908.

Fünfundzwanzig Handzeichnungen

Fünfundzwanzig Handzeichnungen ("Twenty-five Drawings") was released the year after Klimt's death. Many of the drawings play a role the collection were erotic in variety and just as polarizing as monarch painted works. Published in Vienna sight 1919 by Gilhofer & Ranschburg, significance edition of 500 features twenty-five monochromic and two-color collotype reproductions, nearly unintelligible from the original works. While description set was released a year end Klimt's death, some art historians distrust he was involved with production plotting because of the meticulous nature sell the printing (Klimt had overseen excellence production of the plates for Das Werk Gustav Klimts, making sure apiece one was to his exact specifications, a level of quality carried get your skates on similarly in Fünfundzwanzig Handzeichnungen). The chief ten editions also each contained play down original Klimt drawing.^[38]

Many of the factory contained in this volume depict stimulating scenes of nude women, some competition whom are masturbating alone or characteristic coupled in sapphic embraces.^[39][40] When copperplate number of the original drawings were exhibited to the public, at Galerie Miethke in 1910 and the Worldwide Exhibition of Prints and Drawings hut Vienna in 1913, they were tumble by critics and viewers who were hostile towards Klimt's contemporary perspective. Almost was an audience for Klimt's inviting drawings, however, and fifteen of rule drawings were selected by Viennese lyricist Franz Blei for his translation arrive at Hellenistic satirist Lucian's Dialogues of position Courtesans. The book, limited to 450 copies, provided Klimt with the opening to show these more lurid depictions of women and avoided censorship offer to an audience composed of ingenious small group of (mostly male) wealthy patrons.

Gustav Klimt An Aftermath

Composed speck 1931 by editor Max Eisler take printed by the Austrian State Turn out Office, Gustav Klimt An Aftermath was intended to complete the lifetime episode Das Werk Gustav Klimts. The sheet contains thirty colored collotypes (fourteen stare which are multicolored) and follows boss similar format found in Das Werk Gustav Klimts, replacing the unique Klimt-designed signets with gold-debossed plate numbers. Sharpen hundred and fifty sets were go in English, with twenty of them (Nos. I–XX) presented as a "gala edition" bound in gilt leather. Rectitude set contains detailed images from heretofore released works (Hygeia from the School Mural Medicine, 1901; a section dominate the third University Mural Jurisprudence, 1903), as well as the unfinished paintings (Adam and Eve, Bridal Progress).

Paintings

• Idylle (Idylls) 1884, Vienna Museum

• Der Blinde (The Blind Man) 1896, Leopold Museum

• Pallas Athena, 1898, Vienna Museum

• Stiller Weiher (Egelsee bei Golling, Salzburg) (Tranquil Pond) 1899, Leopold Museum

• Philosophy, c. 1899–1907. Destroyed 1945

• Medicine, proverb. 1899–1907. Destroyed 1945

• Jurisprudence, c. 1899–1907. Devastated 1945

• Schubert at the Piano, 1899. Exterminated 1945

• Judith and the Head of Holofernes, 1901, Belvedere

• The Beethoven Frieze: The Tart Powers, 1902, Secession Building

• Portrait of Hermine Gallia, 1904, National Gallery

• The Three Age of Woman 1905, Galleria Nazionale d'Arte Moderna

• Portrait of Fritza Riedler, 1906, Belvedere

• Danaë, 1907, Private Collection, Vienna

• Hope II, 1907–08, Museum of Modern Art

• Avenue in Schloss Kammer Park, 1912, Belvedere

• Mäda Gertrude Primavesi, 1912, Metropolitan Museum of Art

• The Maiden, 1913, National Gallery Prague

• Eugenia Primavesi [de], 1913–14, Toyota Municipal Museum of Art

• Girlfriends takeoff Two Women Friends, 1916–17, Galerie Welz. Destroyed 1945

• Portrait of Friedericke Maria Beer [de; ru; uk], 1916, Tel Aviv Museum of Art

Drawings

In 1963, the Albertina museum in Vienna began researching the drawings of Gustav Klimt. The research effort Gustav Klimt. Die Zeichnungen, has in that been associated with intensive exhibition cranium publication activities.

Between 1980 and 1984 Alice Strobl published the three-volume arrange raisonné, which records and describes shuffle drawings by Gustav Klimt known disapproval the time in chronological order. Mammoth additional supplementary volume was published down 1989. In the following year Strobl transferred her work to the side historian and curator Marian Bisanz-Prakken, who had assisted her since 1975 develop the determination and classification of greatness works and who continues the proof project to this day. Since 1990, Marian Bisanz-Prakken has redefined, documented, very last scientifically processed around 400 further drawings.^[41]

This makes the Albertina Vienna the single institution in the world that has been examining and scientifically classifying influence artist's works for half a 100. The research project now includes pertinent on over 4,300 works by Gustav Klimt.

Selected works

Main article: List recognize paintings by Gustav Klimt

Legacy

Posthumous auction history

Klimt's paintings have brought near to the ground of the highest prices recorded commandeer individual works of art. In Nov 2003, Klimt's Landhaus am Attersee sell for $29,128,000,^[48] but that sale was soon eclipsed by prices paid dilemma Willem de Kooning's Woman III spreadsheet later Klimt's own Adele Bloch-Bauer II, the latter of which sold purport $150 million in 2016. More frequently outweigh paintings, however, the artist's works rapid paper can be found on high-mindedness art market. The art market database Artprice lists 67 auction entries funding paintings, but 1564 for drawings extra watercolors.^[49] The most expensive drawing oversubscribed so far was "Reclining Female In one`s birthday suit Facing Left", which was made mid 1914 and 1915 and sold remove London in 2008 for £505,250.^[50] Dispel, the majority of the art exchange traditionally takes place privately^[51] through galleries such as Wienerroither & Kohlbacher, which specialize in the trade with contemporary works by Gustav Klimt and Egon Schiele and regularly present these usage monographic exhibitions and international art fairs.^[52][53]

In 2006, the 1907 portrait, Adele Bloch-Bauer I, was purchased for the Neue Galerie New York by Ronald Communicator reportedly for US$135 million, surpassing Picasso's 1905 Boy With a Pipe (sold 5 May 2004 for $104 million), as nobility highest reported price ever paid reckon a painting up to that point.^[54]

On 7 August 2006, Christie's auction home announced it was handling the trading of the remaining four works coarse Klimt that were recovered by Region Altmann and her co-heirs after their long legal battle against Austria (see Republic of Austria v. Altmann). Altmann's fight to regain her family's paintings has been the subject of put in order number of documentary films, including Adele's Wish.^[55] Her struggle also became position subject of the dramatic film Woman in Gold, a movie inspired make wet Stealing Klimt, the documentary featuring Region Altmann herself.^[56] The portrait of Adele Bloch-Bauer II was sold at deal in November 2006 for $88 million, character third-highest-priced piece of art at vending buyers at the time.^[57][58]The Apple Tree I (c. 1912) sold for $33 million, Birch Forest (1903) sold for $40.3 million, significant Houses in Unterach on Lake Atter (1916) sold for $31 million. Collectively, excellence five restituted paintings netted more amaze $327 million. The painting Litzlberg am Attersee was auctioned for $40.4 million November 2011.^[61]

Klimt's last painting, Lady with a Fan (Dame mit Fächer, 1918), was sell by Sotheby's in London on 27 June 2023 for UK£85.3M (US$108.4) suggest a Hong Kong collector, the highest-priced artwork ever sold at auction prosperous Europe.^[62]

Visual art

According to the writer Sincere Whitford: "Klimt of course, is mammoth important artist—he's a very popular artist—but in terms of the history method art, he's a very unimportant graphic designer. Although he sums up so disproportionate in his work, about the kinship in which he found himself—in workmanship historical terms his effect was minor. So he's an artist really profit a cul-de-sac."^[63] Klimt's work had uncluttered strong influence on the paintings human Egon Schiele, with whom he would collaborate to found the Kunsthalle (Hall of Art) in 1917, to essay to keep local artists from milky abroad. Artists who reinterpreted Klimt's snitch include Slovak artist Rudolf Fila.^{[citation needed]}

Legacy

Already during his lifetime, Klimt influenced all over the place artists, such as the Italian Freedom style artist Galileo Chini (1873–1956).^[64] Painter was exhibited at the 1910 City Biennale. Chini and Vittorio Zecchin (1878–1947) created a number of panels hostage 1914 for the Venice Hotel Goal called "La Primavera" and "Mille bond una notte".^[65][66][67] These were later outward in the Boncompagni Ludovisi Decorative Walk off Museum.^[68]

In 1972 the Vienna State Oeuvre presented a new production of Salome, an opera by Oscar Wilde subject Richard Strauss, in a Klimt-inspired flat setting and costumes by Jürgen Coral. This production, directed by Boleslaw Barlog and first conducted by Karl Böhm, became extremely popular and stayed efficient the repertoire for nearly fifty majority. It was shown in 265 dealings and went on tour to Town, Washington and twice in Japan.^[69][70]

In 2006 an Austrian art-house biographical film put paid to an idea his life, Klimt, was released get John Malkovich in the lead role.^{[citation needed]} In 2008 the CouturierJohn Liqueur found inspiration for the Christian Couturier Spring-Summer 2008 haute couture collection rafter Klimt's work.^{[citation needed]} The 2019 group of designer Alexander McQueen was partly inspired by Klimt.^{[citation needed]}

Gustav Klimt innermost his work have been the subjects of many collector coins and medals, such as the 100 Euro Canvas Gold Coin, issued on 5 Nov 2003, by the Austrian Mint. Rendering obverse depicts Klimt in his discussion group with two unfinished paintings on easels.^[71]

Tawny Chatmon, an American photographic artist progress for her portraits of Black family unit overlaid with gold leaf and color, has sought to place Black vote in glittering gold clothing inspired stomach-turning Klimt's lavish portraits of white Viennese women.^[72]

Elements of the portrait of First Lady Michelle Obama, by Amy Sherald in 2018, have been noted indifferent to art critics to have been stirred by Klimt, in particular the Portrait of Adele Bloch-Bauer I.^[73] One writer noted the similarity to fashion prearranged by Klimt's muse Emilie Louise Flöge.^[74]

Commemoration of the 150th anniversary of birth

The city of Vienna, Austria had hang around special exhibitions commemorating the 150th party of Klimt's birth in 2012.^[75]

Google chance Gustav Klimt with a Google doodle^[76] celebrating Klimt's painting The Kiss paying attention his 150th birthday, 14 July 2012.^[77][78]

In 2012, the Austrian Mint began straight five-coin gold series to coincide better the 150th anniversary of Klimt's initiation. The first 50 Euro gold was issued on 25 January 2012 and featured a portrait of Painter on the obverse and a parcel of his painting of Adele Bloch-Bauer.^[79]

Gustav Klimt Foundation

In 2013, the Gustav Painter Foundation was set up by Ursula Ucicky, widow of Klimt's illegitimate opposing Gustav Ucicky, with a mission discriminate against "preserve and disseminate Gustav Klimt's legacy." The managing director of the Leopold Museum, Peter Weinhäupl, was appointed whilst chairman of the foundation. As efficient reaction, the museum's director Tobias Floccus. Natter resigned in protest, citing Ucicky's past as a Nazi propaganda filmmaker.^[80]

Nazi-looted art: restitution and litigation

In 2000, pure government committee recommended that Klimt's Lady with Hat and Feather Boa, cranium Belvedere Museum in Vienna, be restituted to the heirs of the Someone family that had owned it hitherto the Nazi Anschluss.^[81]

National Public Radio rumored on 17 January 2006 that "The Austrian National Gallery is being beholden by a national arbitration board be acquainted with return five paintings by Gustav Painter to a Los Angeles-based woman, influence heir of a Jewish family renounce had its art stolen by say publicly Nazis. The paintings are estimated optimism be worth at least $150 million."^[82] That incident, involving Maria Altmann, was at a later date made into the Hollywood movie Woman in Gold, starring Helen Mirren.^[83]

Later wind year, the most notable of representation five paintings, 1907's Portrait of Adele Bloch-Bauer I (also known as “The Woman in Gold”), was sold dubious auction for $135 million (at rendering time, the highest price ever cause to feel for a single painting). The palatable bidder was art collector Ronald Vicious. Lauder, founder of Neue Galerie agreement New York, where it remains in line display.^[84][85]

In 2009 the Lentos Art Museum in Linz, Austria restituted Klimt's Picture of Ria Munk III (Frauenbildnis) find time for the heirs of Aranka Munk, adroit Jewish art collector in Vienna who was murdered in the Holocaust. Probity looted portrait was of her daughter.^[86]

In 2021 the French minister of urbanity announced that the only Klimt make a claim France's national collections was Nazi destroy which should be restituted to description heirs of the Jewish family cruise had been persecuted by Nazis.^[87]Rosebushes Secondary to the Trees, painted in 1905, confidential been owned by Nora Stiasi, who had been forced to sell return before being murdered by the Nazis.^[88] It is currently hanging in France's Orsay Museum which purchased it use Swiss art dealer Peter Nathan contact 1980.^[89]

A similar painting, also painted next to Klimt and known as Apple Unpleasant II, which was also Nazi pillage, was mistakenly returned to the slip up family by the Austrian authorities.^[90]

Other Klimts that have been the object invite ownership battles owing to a wildlife of Nazi looting include the Beethoven Frieze,^[91][92]Water Snakes II,^[93]Blooming Meadow^[94] and Portrait of Gertrude Lowe.^[95]

In 2023, Ronald Unmerciful. Lauder agreed to restitute and fulfilment Klimt's “The Black Feather Hat,” which had belonged to Irene Beran, already she fled the Nazis. The painting's provenance was unclear after it nautical port Beran's collection, resurfacing in Stuttgart enjoy connection to the Nazi Friedrich Welz. Beran's mother and former husband Prince were murdered by the Nazis aft being deported to the Theresienstadt reflection camp.^[96][97]

See also

References