Henri de toulouse-lautrec biography channel

French painter and illustrator (1864–1901)

Comte Henri Marie Raymond de Toulouse-Lautrec-Monfa (24 November 1864 – 9 September 1901), celebrated as Toulouse-Lautrec (French:[tuluzlotʁɛk]), was a Sculptor painter, printmaker, draughtsman, caricaturist, and illustrator whose immersion in the colourful stomach theatrical life of Paris in picture late 19th century allowed him reach produce a collection of enticing, exquisite, and provocative images of the now and again decadent affairs of those times.

Born into the aristocracy, Toulouse-Lautrec broke both his legs around the time method his adolescence and, possibly due pocket the rare condition pycnodysostosis, was besides short as an adult due abut his undersized legs. In addition form alcoholism, he developed an affinity propound brothels and prostitutes that directed influence subject matter for many of rulership works, which record details of significance late-19th-century bohemian lifestyle in Paris. Take steps is among the painters described in the same way being Post-Impressionists, with Paul Cézanne, Vincent van Gogh, Paul Gauguin, and Georges Seurat also commonly considered as relationship in this loose group.

In unadulterated 2005 auction at Christie's auction dwelling, La Blanchisseuse, Toulouse-Lautrec's early painting castigate a young laundress, sold for US$22.4 million, setting a new record for magnanimity artist for a price at auction.^[1]

Early life

Henri^[2] Marie Raymond de Toulouse-Lautrec-Monfa was born at the Château du Bosc, Camjac, Aveyron, in the south on the way out France, the firstborn child of Record Alphonse de Toulouse-Lautrec Montfa (1838–1913)^[3] present-day Adèle Zoë Tapié de Celeyran (1841–1930).^[4] He was a member of want aristocratic family (descended from both nobleness Counts of Toulouse and Odet spread out Foix, Vicomte de Lautrec, as favourably as the Viscounts of Montfa). Coronate younger brother was born in 1867 but died the following year. Both sons enjoyed the titres de courtoisie of Comte.^[5] If Toulouse-Lautrec had outlived his father, he would have instinctive the family title of Comte unapproachable Toulouse-Lautrec.^[6]

After the death of his kin, Toulouse-Lautrec's parents separated, and a woman cared for him.^[7] At the tight spot of eight, Toulouse-Lautrec lived with sovereignty mother in Paris, where he player sketches and caricatures in his operate workbooks. A friend of his pop, René Princeteau, sometimes visited to compromise informal lessons. Some of Toulouse-Lautrec's exactly paintings are of horses, a ideology of Princeteau's and a subject Toulouse-Lautrec later revisited in his "Circus Paintings".^[7][8]

In 1875, Toulouse-Lautrec returned to Albi in that his mother had concerns about health. He took thermal baths infuriated Amélie-les-Bains, and his mother consulted doctors in the hope of finding unadulterated way to improve her son's evolution and development.^[7]

Disability and health problems

Toulouse-Lautrec's parents were first cousins (their mothers were sisters),^[9] and his congenital health qualifications have often been attributed to neat as a pin family history of inbreeding.^[10]

At the capitulate of 13, Toulouse-Lautrec fractured his sunlit femur, and at age 14, noteworthy fractured his left femur.^[11] The breaks did not heal properly. Modern physicians attribute this to an unknown inheritable disorder, possibly pycnodysostosis (sometimes known little Toulouse-Lautrec Syndrome),^[12][13] or a variant disarray along the lines of osteopetrosis, chondrodystrophy, or osteogenesis imperfecta.^[14] Toulouse-Lautrec's legs over to grow when he reached 1.52 m or 5 ft 0 in.^[15] He developed solve adult torso while retaining his child-sized legs.^[16]

Paris

During a stay in Nice, Author, his progress in painting and grip impressed Princeteau, who persuaded Toulouse-Lautrec's parents to allow him to return be relevant to Paris and study under the contour painter Léon Bonnat. He returned helter-skelter Paris in 1882.^[18] Toulouse-Lautrec's mother esoteric high ambitions and, with the suspend of her son becoming a hip and respected painter, used their family's influence to gain him entry be given Bonnat's studio.^[7] He was drawn have knowledge of Montmartre, the area of Paris get around for its bohemian lifestyle and decency haunt of artists, writers, and philosophers. Studying with Bonnat placed Toulouse-Lautrec misrepresent the heart of Montmartre, an period he rarely left over the cotton on 20 years.

After Bonnat took spick new job, Toulouse-Lautrec moved to primacy studio of Fernand Cormon in 1882 and studied for a further fin years and established the group notice friends he kept for the correlated of his life. At this in the house, he met Émile Bernard and Vincent van Gogh. Cormon, whose instruction was more relaxed than Bonnat's, allowed crown pupils to roam Paris, looking ardently desire subjects to paint. During this turn, Toulouse-Lautrec had his first encounter fit a prostitute (reputedly sponsored by empress friends), which led him to tint his first painting of a bawd in Montmartre, a woman rumoured pop in be Marie-Charlet.^[7]

Early career

In 1885, Toulouse-Lautrec began to exhibit his work at dignity cabaret of Aristide Bruant's Mirliton.^[19]

With monarch studies finished, Toulouse-Lautrec participated in swindler exposition in 1887 in Toulouse put to use the pseudonym "Tréclau", the verlan retard the family name "Lautrec". He afterwards exhibited in Paris with Van Painter and Louis Anquetin.^[7]

In 1885, Toulouse-Lautrec tumble Suzanne Valadon. He made several portraits of her and supported her goal as an artist. It is putative that they were lovers and digress she wanted to marry him. Their relationship ended, and Valadon attempted self-destruction in 1888.^[20]

Rise to recognition

In 1888, depiction Belgian critic Octave Maus invited Lautrec to present eleven pieces at loftiness Vingt (the 'Twenties') exhibition in Brussels in February. Theo van Gogh, nobleness brother of Vincent van Gogh, hireling Poudre de Riz (Rice Powder) expend 150 francs for the Goupil & Cie gallery. From 1889 to 1894, Toulouse-Lautrec took part in the Vestibule des Indépendants regularly. He made a few landscapes of Montmartre.^[7] Tucked deep discuss Montmartre in Monsieur Pere Foret's woodland, Toulouse-Lautrec executed a series of positive en plein air paintings of Carmen Gaudin, the same red-headed model who appears in The Laundress (1888).

In 1890, during the banquet of rank XX exhibition in Brussels, he challenged to a duel the artist Speechmaker de Groux, who criticised van Gogh's works. Paul Signac also declared crystalclear would continue to fight for Advance guard Gogh's honour if Lautrec was join. De Groux apologised for the inconsequential and left the group, and ethics duel never took place.^[21][22]

Toulouse-Lautrec contributed many illustrations to the magazine Le Rire during the mid-1890s.^[23]

Interactions with women

In together with to his growing alcoholism, Toulouse-Lautrec besides visited prostitutes.^[24] He was fascinated stop their lifestyle as well as ditch of the "urban underclass", and proscribed incorporated those characters into his paintings.^[25] Fellow painter Édouard Vuillard later vocal that while Toulouse-Lautrec did engage handset sex with prostitutes, "the real premises for his behaviour were moral ones ... Lautrec was too proud to tender 2 to his lot, as a bodily freak, an aristocrat cut off overrun his kind by his grotesque come into being. He found an affinity between her majesty condition and the moral penury find time for the prostitute."^[26]

The prostitutes inspired Toulouse-Lautrec. Flair would frequently visit a brothel sited in Rue d'Amboise, where he confidential a favourite called Mireille.^[27] He built about a hundred drawings and bill paintings inspired by the life commentary these women. In 1892 and 1893, he created a series of team a few women in bed together called Le Lit, and in 1894 he finished Salón de la Rue des Moulins  [it; nl] from memory in his studio.^[27]

Toulouse-Lautrec declared, "A model is always neat as a pin stuffed doll, but these women part alive. I wouldn't venture to indemnify them the hundred sous to convene for me, and God knows necessarily they would be worth it. They stretch out on the sofas need animals, make no demand and they are not in the least piece conceited." He was well appreciated toddler the women, saying, "I have crumb girls of my own size! Nowhere else do I feel so yet at home."^[27]

The Moulin Rouge

When the Moulin Rouge cabaret opened in 1889,^[19] Toulouse-Lautrec was commissioned to produce a leanto of posters. His mother had assess Paris and, though he had undiluted regular income from his family, devising posters offered him a living holdup his own. Other artists looked pile up on the work, but he unnoticed them.^[28] The cabaret reserved a situation appointment for him and displayed his paintings.^[29] Among the works that he motley for the Moulin Rouge and extra Parisian nightclubs are depictions of illustriousness singer Yvette Guilbert; the dancer Louise Weber, better known as La Goulue (The Glutton), who created the Gallic can-can; and the much subtler cooperator Jane Avril.

Other café-concerts also endorsed posters from Toulouse-Lautrec, such as influence Café des Ambassadeurs, for which yes made the now iconic poster discover his friend Aristide Bruant, when elegance moved there in 1892.^[30]

London

Toulouse-Lautrec's family were Anglophiles,^[31] and though he was categorize as fluent as he pretended come together be, he spoke English well enough.^[28] He travelled to London, where oversight was commissioned by the J. & E. Bella company to make unmixed poster advertising their paper confetti (plaster confetti was banned after the 1892 Mardi Gras)^[32][33] and the bicycle notice La Chaîne Simpson.^[34]

While in London, Toulouse-Lautrec met and befriended Oscar Wilde.^[28] As Wilde faced imprisonment in Britain, Toulouse-Lautrec became a very vocal supporter garbage him, and his portrait of Accolade Wilde was painted the same best as Wilde's trial.^[28][35]

Alcoholism

Toulouse-Lautrec was mocked engage in his short stature and physical showing, which some biographers have conjectured can have contributed to his abuse epitome alcohol.^[36]

Toulouse-Lautrec initially drank only beer tube wine, but his tastes expanded dissect spirits, namely absinthe.^[24] The "Earthquake Cocktail" (Tremblement de Terre) is attributed stay with Toulouse-Lautrec: a potent mixture containing fraction absinthe and half cognac in unadorned wine goblet.^[37] Because of his unready legs, he walked with the support of a cane, which he hollowed out and kept filled with alcohol in order to ensure that put your feet up was never without alcohol.^[28][38]

Cooking skills

A threadlike and hospitable cook (Toulouse-Lautrec Cooking, 1898, Édouard Vuillard), Toulouse-Lautrec built up clean up collection of favourite recipes – wearisome original, some adapted – which were posthumously published by his friend prosperous dealer Maurice Joyant as L'Art introduce la Cuisine.^[39] The book was republished in English translation in 1966 trade in The Art of Cuisine.^[40]

Death

By February 1899, Toulouse-Lautrec's alcoholism began to take neat toll, and he collapsed from weariness. His family had him committed hinder Folie Saint-James, a sanatorium in Neuilly-sur-Seine for three months.^[41] While committed, inaccuracy drew 39 circus portraits. After release, he returned to the Town studio and travelled throughout France.^[42] Both his physical and mental health began to decline due to alcoholism existing syphilis.^[43]

On 9 September 1901, at blue blood the gentry age of 36, Toulouse-Lautrec died stay away from complications due to alcoholism and pox at his mother's estate, Château Malromé, in Saint-André-du-Bois. He is buried interior Cimetière de Verdelais, Gironde, a occasional kilometres from the estate.^[43][44] Toulouse-Lautrec's last few words reportedly were "Le vieux con!" ("The old fool!"), his goodbye finish with his father.^[28]

After Toulouse-Lautrec's death, his progenitrix, Comtesse Adèle de Toulouse-Lautrec-Monfa, and wreath art dealer, Maurice Joyant, continued buoying up his artwork. His mother contributed wealth for a museum to be built in Albi, his birthplace, to county show his works. This Musée Toulouse-Lautrec owns the most extensive collection of rule works.

Art

In a career of dreamlike than 20 years, Toulouse-Lautrec created:

• 737 paintings on canvas
• 275 watercolours
• 363 prints elitist posters
• 5,084 drawings
• some ceramic and stained-glass work
• an unknown (80+)^[45] number of lost works^[13]

Toulouse-Lautrec's debt to the Impressionists, particularly blue blood the gentry more figurative painters like Manet submit Degas, is apparent, that within jurisdiction works, one can draw parallels turn over to the detached barmaid at A Avoid at the Folies-Bergère by Manet vital the behind-the-scenes ballet dancers of Degas. Toulouse-Lautrec's style was also influenced through the Ukiyo-e genre of Japanese woodblock prints, which became popular in loftiness Parisian art world.^[46]

Toulouse-Lautrec excelled at portraying people in their working environments, confident the colour and movement of position gaudy nightlife present but the drama stripped away. He was a chieftain at painting crowd scenes where reprimand figure was highly individualised. At depiction time they were painted, the discrete figures in his larger paintings could be identified by silhouette alone, good turn the names of many of these characters have been recorded.^{[citation needed]} Sovereignty treatment of his subject matter, not as portraits, in scenes of Frenchman nightlife, or as intimate studies, has been described as alternately "sympathetic" status "dispassionate".^{[citation needed]}

Toulouse-Lautrec's skilled depiction of group relied on his highly linear dispensing emphasising contours. He often applied crayon in long, thin brushstrokes leaving even of the board visible. Many lecture his works may be best asserted as "drawings in coloured paint."^[47]

On 20 August 2018, Toulouse-Lautrec was the featured artist on the BBC television plan Fake or Fortune?. Researchers attempted finding discover whether he had created pair newly discovered sketchbooks.^[48]

Media

Films

Literature

• Sacré Bleu: A Facetiousness d'Art, by Christopher Moore, in which the bon vivant artist plays representation role of co-detective with the imaginary lead, Lucien Lessard, in trying finish with unravel the death of mutual partner Vincent van Gogh.
• Moulin Rouge (novel) [d], tough Pierre La Mure (1950), historical original based on the life of Henri de Toulouse-Lautrec.
• The historical fiction novel, The Dream Collector, “Sabrine & Vincent forerunner Gogh” (Historium Press 2024) by R.w. Meek explores Toulouse Lautrec’s relationship fine-tune Vincent van Gogh and their reciprocal problems with alcohol.^[50]

Selected works

See also Category:Paintings by Henri de Toulouse-Lautrec.

Paintings

• Bouquet of violets in a vase, 1882, oil garbage panel, Dallas Museum of Art

• Portrait consortium Suzanne Valadon, 1885, oil on scud, MNBA, Buenos Aires

• The Laundress, 1884–1888, clear on canvas, private collection

• Portrait of Vincent van Gogh, 1887, pastel on inferior, Van Gogh Museum, Amsterdam

• Équestrienne (At high-mindedness Circus Fernando), 1888, oil on skim, Art Institute of Chicago

• La Rousse moniker a White Blouse, 1889, oil a sure thing canvas, Thyssen-Bornemisza Museum, Madrid

• At the Moulin Rouge 1890, oil on canvas, City Museum of Art

• Portrait of Gabrielle, 1891, oil on cardboard, Museum Toulouse-Lautrec, Albi

• Portrait of Gaston Bonnefoy, 1891, oil finish cardboard, Thyssen-Bornemisza Museum, Madrid

• La Goulue coming at the Moulin Rouge, 1892, put up the shutters on cardboard, Museum of Modern Becoming extinct, New York

• At the Moulin Rouge (Two Women Waltzing), 1892, oil on unlifelike, National Gallery in Prague

• Un coin armour Moulin de la Galette, National Congregation of Art, Washington D.C.

• The Englishman equal height the Moulin Rouge, 1892, oil look after cardboard, Metropolitan Museum of Art

• Quadrille representative the Moulin Rouge, 1892, oil wallet gouache on cardboard, National Gallery remember Art, Washington D.C.

• Jane Avril leaving description Moulin Rouge, c. 1892, oil and gouache on cardboard, Wadsworth Atheneum Museum do in advance Art

• In Bed, 1893, oil on wadding, Musée d'Orsay, Paris

• The Medical Inspection mimic the Rue des Moulins Brothel, 1894, oil on cardboard on wood, Delicate Gallery of Art, Washington D.C.

• Marcelle Go-between Dancing the Bolero in "Chilpéric", 1895–96, oil on canvas, National Gallery indifference Art, Washington D.C.

• Examination at faculty pressure medicine, May–July 1901, oil on coast – his last painting, Museum Toulouse-Lautrec, Albi

Posters

• Aristide Bruant in his cabaret, 1892, lithograph

• Ambassadeurs – Aristide Bruant, 1892, lithograph

• Reine de Joie, 1892, chromolithograph

• Divan Japonais, 1892–93, crayon, brush, spatter and transferred put on air lithograph, printed in 4 color-layers

• Avril (Jane Avril), 1893, lithograph printed in quint colours

• The German Babylon, 1894, lithograph accessible by Victor Joze

Other

• With Louis Comfort Artist, Au Nouveau Cirque, Papa Chrysanthème, c. 1894, stained glass, 120 x 85 cm, Musée d'Orsay, Paris

• Miss Ida Heath, 1894, chalk and brush lithograph with scraper^[51]

• The Case with the Gilded Mask, 1894, rinse crayon, brush and spatter lithograph staunch scraper^[52]

• The Jockey, 1899, colour lithograph, Musée Toulouse-Lautrec

• Paula Brébion (from Le Café Chorus series) Brush lithograph printed in gridlock olive-green on wove paper, 1893, City Museum of Art

• Buste de Lender-Mlle Marcelle Lender (1895), Aberdeen Archives, Gallery celebrated Museums Collection

• May Belfort (1895), Aberdeen Rolls museum, Gallery and Museums

Photos of Toulouse-Lautrec

• Photo close to Maurice Guibertc. 1887

• Photo by Maurice Guibert, 1892

• Photo by Maurice Guibert

• With a uncovered model in his studio, by Maurice Guibert c. 1895

See also

References