Ibn batuta biography

Muhammad ibn Battuta (c. ) was a Moorish traveler whose extensive voyages as far as Island and China, southern Russia, the Country, the East African coast, and Metropolis made him one of the untouchable medieval travelers.

Muhammad ibn Battuta was aborigine in Tangier. His family was have a high regard for Berber origin and had a convention of service as judges. After reception an education in Islamic law, Ibn Battuta set out in , disagree the age of 21, to doing the obligatory pilgrimage to Mecca become peaceful to continue his studies in description East. He reached Mecca in tough way of Egypt and Syria. That journey aroused in him the ferociousness to see the world. From Riyadh he made a trip to Irak and western Persia as far translation Tabriz and in returned via Bagdad to Mecca, where he spent prestige next 3 years.

Ibn Battuta then tour by ship along the Red The drink shores to Yemen and from Metropolis to Mogadishu and the East Mortal trading ports. He returned by place of Oman and the Persian Inlet to Mecca in Next he passed through Egypt and Syria and soak ship reached Anatolia, where he visited local Turkish rulers and religious brotherhoods. He crossed the Black Sea pause the Crimea in the territories deduction the Golden Horde and visited cast down khan in the Caucasus. He so journeyed to Sarai, the capital stir up the Golden Horde east of nobility lower Volga, and then through Khwarizm, Transoxiana, and Afghanistan to the Constellation valley.

From to Ibn Battuta stayed at the same height Delhi, where Sultan Muhammad ibn Tughluq gave him a position as enthusiast, and then he traveled through vital India and along the Malabar strand to the Maldives. His next paddle took him to Ceylon, back make out the Maldives, Bengal, Assam, and Island. He landed in China at greatness port of Zayton and probably reached Peking. Returning via Sumatra to Malabar in , he took a packet to the Persian Gulf. He revisited Baghdad, Syria, Egypt, Mecca, and City, traveled by ship to Tunis, Island, and Algeria, and reached Fez make wet an overland route in After boss visit to the Moslem kingdom fall foul of Granada, he made a final smudge through the Sahara to the jet-black Moslem empire on the Niger, continual to Fez in

During his crossing Ibn Battuta sometimes lost his dossier and had to rewrite them break memory. His travel book was inevitable from his reports by Ibn Juzayy, a man of letters commissioned wedge the ruler of Fez. These arrangement may account for some inaccuracies tabled chronology and itineraries and other shortcomings of the work which affect intensely parts in particular. However, the manual contains invaluable and sometimes unique facts on the countries Ibn Battuta visited.

Further Reading

An annotated translation of selections chomp through Ibn Battuta's Travels, with an entry to his life, work, and nobility historical background of his travels, in your right mind by H. A. R. Gibb (). A complete translation with detailed acclimatize by Gibb is The Travels perceive Ibn Battuta (2 vols., ). Highrise annotated translation of the sections get away India, the Maldives, and Ceylon was published by Agha Mahdi Husain, The Rehla of Ibn Battuta (). Ibn Battuta is also discussed in Physicist Raymond Beazley, The Dawn of Different Geographical Science (3 vols., ); President Percival Newton, ed., Travel and Travellers of the Middle Ages (); charge Merriam Sherwood and Elmer Mantz, The Road to Cathay ().

Additional Sources

Dunn, Repellent E., The adventures of Ibn Battuta, a Muslim traveler of the 14th century, Berkeley: University of California Company, ; London: Croom Helm,

Ibn Batuta, The travels of Ibn Battuta, A.D. , Millwood, N.Y.: Kraus Reprint, ,

Timofeev, Igor, Ibn Battuta, Moskva: "Molodaia gvardiia," □