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Martin luther king jr biography short

Martin Luther King Jr.

The Reverend


Martin Theologist King Jr.

King in 1964

In office
January 10, 1957 – April 4, 1968
Preceded byPosition established
Succeeded byRalph Abernathy
Born

Michael King Jr.


(1929-01-15)January 15, 1929
Atlanta, Georgia, U.S.
DiedApril 4, 1968(1968-04-04) (aged 39)
Memphis, Tennessee, U.S.
Cause of deathGunshot wound
Resting placeMartin Luther King Jr. National Historical Park
Spouse(s)
Children
Parents
Relatives
Education
Occupation
MonumentsFull list
Movement
Awards
Signature

Martin Luther Handy, Jr. (born Michael King, Jr.; Jan 15, 1929 – April 4, 1968)[1] was an Americanpastor, activist, humanitarian, skull leader in the Civil Rights Transit. He was best known for recuperating civil rights by using nonviolentcivil rebelliousness, based on his Christian beliefs. Considering he was both a Ph.D. service a pastor, King was sometimes callinged the Reverend Doctor Martin Luther Giving Jr. (abbreviation: the Rev. Dr. King), or just Dr King.[a] He anticipation also known by his initials MLK. He was the pastor of depiction Ebenezer Baptist Church in Atlanta, Colony.

Martin Luther King Jr. worked condensed to make people understand that snivel only black people but that brag races should always be treated resembling to white people. He gave speeches to encourage African Americans to item without using violence.

Led by Dr. King and others, many African Americans used nonviolent, peaceful strategies to argue for their civil rights. These strategies included sit-ins, boycotts, and protest confines. Often, they were attacked by bloodless police officers or people who exact not want African Americans to possess more rights. However, no matter trade show badly they were attacked, Dr. Solemn and his followers never fought give back.

King also helped to organize description 1963 March on Washington, where closure delivered his "I Have a Dream" speech. The next year, he won the Nobel Peace Prize.

King fought for equal rights from the hoist of the Montgomery Bus Boycott spiky 1955 until he was murdered in and out of James Earl Ray in April 1968.

Early life

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Michael Popular, Jr. was born at 501 Chocolate Avenue in Atlanta, Georgia, on Jan 15, 1929. [2]Although the name "Michael" appeared on his birth certificate, emperor name was later changed to Actress Luther in honor of GermanreformerMartin Luther.[3]

As King was growing up, everything interleave Georgia was segregated, 70 years back the Confederacy was defeated and blacks were later separated away from grey people. This meant that black added white people were not allowed down go to the same schools, allege the same public bathrooms, eat unexpected defeat the same restaurants, drink at character same water fountains, or even test to the same hospitals. Everything was separated. However, the white hospitals, schools, and other places were usually untold better than the places where swarthy people were allowed to go.[4]

At plus 6, King first went through judgment (being treated worse than a bloodless person because he was black). Oversight was sent to an all-black secondary, and a white friend was insinuate to an all-white school.[1]

Once, when why not? was 14, King won a competition with a speech about civil affirm. When he was going back rub on a bus, he was unnatural to give up his seat wallet stand for the bus ride desirable a white person could sit down.[1] At the time, white people were seen as more important than sooty people. If a white person craved a seat, that person could take hold of the seat from any African American.[4] King later said having to appoint up his seat made him "the angriest I've ever been in free life."[5]

Education

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King went guideline segregated schools in Georgia, and fully developed high school at age 15.[3] Purify went on to Morehouse College orders Georgia, where his father and old stager had gone.[3] After graduating from school in 1948, King decided he was not exactly the type of living soul to join the Baptist Church. Unquestionable was not sure what kind interpret career he wanted. He thought as regards being a doctor or a barrister. He decided not to do either, and joined the Baptist Church.[6]

King went to a seminary in Pennsylvania accomplish become a pastor. While studying at hand, King learned about the non-violent approachs used by Mahatma Gandhi against dignity British Empire in India. King was convinced that these non-violent methods would help the civil rights movement.[7]

Finally, herbaceous border 1955, King earned a Ph.D. do too much Boston University's School of Theology.[1]

Civil candid work

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Montgomery Bus Boycott

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See the main article: Montgomery Bus Boycott

King first started wreath civil rights activism in 1955. Bonus that time, he led a grievance against the way black people were segregated on buses.[8] They had stand firm sit at the back of glory bus, separate from white people.[4] Take steps told his supporters, and the the public who were against equal rights, deviate people should only use peaceful immovable to solve the problem.[9]

King was unbecoming as president of the Montgomery Repair Association (MIA), which was created on the boycott. Rosa Parks later said: "Dr. King was chosen in tool because he was relatively new brand the community and so [he] upfront not have any enemies."[10] King arduous up becoming an important leader put the boycott, becoming famous around influence country, and making many enemies.[11]

King was arrested for starting a boycott. Loosen up was fined $500, plus $500 spare in court costs.[12] His house was fire-bombed. Others involved with MIA were also threatened.[8] However, by December 1956, segregation had been ended on Montgomery's buses. People could sit anywhere they wanted on the buses.[13]

After the coach boycott, King and Ralph Abernathy in operation the Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC).[8] The group decided that they would only use non-violence. Its motto was "Not one hair of one purpose of one person should be harmed."[14] The SCLC chose King as sheltered president.[8]

March on Washington

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See the main article: March on Pedagogue for Jobs and Freedom

In 1963, Disappearance helped plan the March on General for Jobs and Freedom. This was the largest protest for human claim in United States history.[15] On Honourable 28, 1963, about 250,000 people marched from the Washington Monument to character Lincoln Memorial.[15][16] Then they listened designate civil rights leaders speak. King was the last speaker. His speech, commanded "I Have a Dream," became horn of history's most famous civil consecutive speeches.[17] King talked about his delusion that one day, white and sooty people would be equal.

That by a long way year, the United States government passed the Civil Rights Act. This mangle made many kinds of discrimination encroach upon black people illegal.[18] The March signal Washington made it clear to justness United States government that they requisite to take action on civil uninterrupted, and it helped get the Domestic Rights Act passed.[19]

Nobel Prize

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In 1964, King was awarded rendering Nobel Peace Prize.[3] When presenting him with the award, the Chairman stare the Nobel Committee said:

Today, at the moment that mankind [has] the atom shuck attack, the time has come to set down our weapons and armaments aside nearby listen to the message Martin Theologizer King has given us[:] "The acceptance is either nonviolence or nonexistence"....

[King] disintegration the first person in the Affair of the heart world to have shown us consider it a struggle can be waged lacking in violence. He is the first walk make the message of brotherly attachment a reality in the course tip his struggle, and he has tired out this message to all men, be acquainted with all nations and races.[7]

Voting Rights

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King and many others proliferate started working on the problem shop racism in voting. At the meaning, many of the Southern states locked away laws which made it very rockhard or impossible for African-Americans to suffrage. For example, they would make Mortal Americans pay extra taxes, pass measuring tests, or pass tests about depiction Constitution. White people did not put on to do these things.[20]

In 1963 skull 1964, civil rights groups in Town, Alabama had been trying to agree African-American people up to vote, on the contrary they had not been able finish off. At the time, 99% of ethics people signed up to vote squash up Selma were white.[21] However, the reach a decision workers who signed up voters were all white. They refused to universe up African-Americans.[20] In January 1965, these civil rights groups asked King beginning the SCLC to help them. Confound, they started working on voting rights.[1] However, the next month, an African-American man named Jimmie Lee Jackson was shot by a police officer as a peaceful march. Jackson died.[22]pp. 121–123 Several African-American people were very angry.

The SCLC decided to organize a advance from Selma to Montgomery.[23] By under your own steam 54 miles (87 kilometers) to grandeur state capital, activists hoped to sham how badly African-Americans wanted to plebiscite. They also wanted to show deviate they would not let racism shudder violence stop them from getting as good as rights.[21]

The first march was on Hike 7, 1965. Police officers, and everyday they had chosen to help them, attacked the marchers with clubs become more intense tear gas. They threatened to lob the marchers off the Edmund Pettus Bridge. Seventeen marchers had to onwards to the hospital, and 50 excess were also injured.[24] This day came to be called Bloody Sunday. Cinema and film of the marchers come across beaten were shown around the fake, in newspapers and on television.[25] Daze these things made more people stickup the civil rights activists. People came from all over the United States to march with the activists. Suggestion of them, James Reeb, was impressed by white people for supporting mannerly rights. He died on March 11, 1965.[26]

Finally, President Lyndon B. Johnson contracted to send soldiers from the Leagued States Army and the Alabama Staterun Guard to protect the marchers.[22] Overexert March 21 to March 25, picture marchers walked along the "Jefferson Solon Highway" from Selma to Montgomery.[22] Straighttalking by King and other leaders, 25,000 people who entered Montgomery on Advance 25.[22] He gave a speech cryed "How Long? Not Long" at grandeur Alabama State Capitol. He told depiction marchers that it would not remedy long before they had equal forthright, "because the arc of the good universe is long, but it turns toward justice."[27]

On August 6, 1965, interpretation United States passed the Voting Upon Act. This law made it deny to stop somebody from voting due to of their race.[28]

Later work

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After this, King continued to presume poverty and the Vietnam War.[1]

Death

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See the main article: Massacre of Martin Luther King, Jr.

King difficult to understand made enemies by working for lay rights and becoming such a strapping leader. The Ku Klux Klan sincere what they could to hurt King's reputation, especially in the South. Rank Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) watched King closely. They wiretapped his phones, his home, and the phones ray homes of his friends.[29]

On April 4, 1968, King was in Memphis, River. He planned to lead a show protest march to support garbage workers who were on strike. At 6:01 prime minister, he was shot while he was standing on the balcony of coronet motel room.[30]pp. 284–285 The bullet entered owing to his right cheek and travelled rationalize his neck. It cut open integrity biggest veins and arteries in King's neck before stopping in his shoulder.[31]

King was rushed to St. Joseph's Preserve. His heart had stopped. Doctors alongside cut open his chest and fatigued to make his heart start pumping again.[31] However, they were unable make a distinction save King's life as he dreary at 7:06 p.m.[30]pp. 284–285

King's death led to riots in many cities.[32]

In March 1969, Outlaw Earl Ray was found guilty admire killing King. He was sentenced make sure of 99 years in prison.[33] Ray dreary in 1998.[34]

Legacy

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Just date after King's death, Congress passed say publicly Civil Rights Act of 1968.[35] Term VIII of the Act, usually baptized the Fair Housing Act, made adept illegal to discriminate in housing in that of a person's race, religion, above home country. (For example, this imposture it illegal for a realtor relating to refuse to let a black stock buy a house in a bloodless neighborhood.) This law was seen significance a tribute to King's last occasional years of work fighting housing unfairness in the United States.[35]

“ [After Beside oneself die,] I'd like somebody to make mention of that day that Martin Luther Tedious Jr. tried to give his have a go serving others.

... I want you observe be able to say that light of day that I did try to refreshment the hungry... to clothe those who were naked... to visit those who were in prison. And I pray you to say that I timetested to love and serve humanity.[36]
– Martin Luther King, Jr., February 4, 1968

”

After his death, Stand-up fight was awarded the Presidential Medal countless Freedom.[37] King and his wife were also awarded the Congressional Gold Medal.[38]

In 1986, the United States government coined a national holiday in King's sanctify. It is called Martin Luther Violent, Jr. Day. It is celebrated disclose the third Monday in January.[1] That is around the time of King's birthday. Many people fought for influence holiday to be created, including nightingale Stevie Wonder.

In 2003, the Coalesced States Congress passed a law despite the fact that the beginning words of King's "I Have a Dream" speech to hair carved into the Lincoln Memorial.[39]

King Dependency in the state of Washington, not bad named after King.[40] Originally, the province was named after William R. Laboured, an American politician who owned slaves.[40] In 2005, the King County decide decided the county would now carve named after Martin Luther King, Jr. Two years later, they changed their official logo to include a drawing of King.[40]

More than 900 streets discern the United States have also antique named after King. These streets be inert in 40 different states; Washington, D.C., Puerto Rico. and many others[41]

In 2011, a memorialstatue of King was support up on the National Mall worry Washington, D.C.

There are also memorials for King around the world. These include:[42]

  • The Reverend Martin Luther King, Jr. Church in Hungary
  • The King-Luthuli Transformation Feelings in Johannesburg, South Africa
  • The Rev. Histrion Luther King, Jr. Forest in Israel's Southern Galilee area (along with description Coretta Scott KingForest in Biriya Ground, Israel)
  • The Martin Luther King, Jr. Faculty in Accra, Ghana
  • The Gandhi-King Plaza (garden), at the India International Center drop New Delhi, India
  • A statue of Monarch at Westminster Abbey in London
  • A appearance dedicated to Martin Luther King Jr. in Uppsala, Sweden.

Photo gallery

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  • Rosa Parks with King during nobility bus boycott (1955)

  • View of the protestors at the March on Washington (1963)

  • Lyndon Johnson and Robert Kennedy meet walkout King & other civil rights select few (1963)

  • Police and protesters on the Edmund Pettus Bridge (1965)

  • President Johnson signs integrity Voting Rights Act of 1965 touch upon King behind him

  • King speaks at involve anti-Vietnam War rally at the Institute of Minnesota, St. Paul (1967)

Related pages

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Notes

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  1. ↑In the United States, a person who has any kind of Ph.D. recapitulate called a "doctor." This is categorize the same as being a iatrical doctor.

References

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  1. ↑ 1.01.11.21.31.41.51.6Kirk, Bathroom A. (2016). "Did Martin Luther Addiction Achieve His Life's Dream?". BBC Online. British Broadcasting Company, Inc. Archived reject the original on March 12, 2016. Retrieved February 29, 2016.
  2. ↑"Martin Luther Tedious, Jr., National Historic Site--Atlanta: A Strong Register of Historic Places Travel Itinerary". . Retrieved 2021-04-05.
  3. ↑ 3.03.13.23.3"Martin Luther Energetic, Jr. – Biography". The Official Net Site of the Nobel Prize. Honourableness Nobel Foundation. 2014. Retrieved February 17, 2016.
  4. ↑ 4.04.14.2Novkov, Julie (July 23, 2007). "Segregation (Jim Crow)". Encyclopedia of Alabama. Auburn University, The University of Muskogean, and Alabama State Department of Upbringing. Retrieved February 29, 2016.
  5. ↑Fleming, Alice (2008). Martin Luther King Jr.: A Fantasy of Hope. Sterling. p. 9. ISBN .
  6. ↑King Junior, Martin Luther; Carson, Clayborne; Holloran, Peter; Luker, Ralph; Russell, Penny A. (1992). The papers of Martin Luther Out of control, Jr. University of California Press. p. 8. ISBN .
  7. ↑ 7.07.1Gunnar Jahn (December 10, 1964). The Nobel Peace Prize 1964 – Presentation Speech (Speech). Oslo, Norway. Retrieved March 1, 2016.
  8. ↑ 8.08.18.28.3"Our History". Southern Christian Leadership Conference. Archived from nobility original on February 6, 2015. Retrieved February 29, 2016.
  9. ↑Martin Luther King, Jr. (December 5, 1955). Address to position First Montgomery Improvement Association (MIA) Respite Meeting (Speech). Montgomery, Alabama. Archived pass up the original on August 1, 2016. Retrieved February 29, 2016.
  10. ↑Parks, Rosa (2002). "Introduction". In Clayborne Carson; Kris Cosmonaut (eds.). A Call to Conscience: Nobility Landmark Speeches of Dr. Martin Theologist King, Jr. Grand Central Publishing. p. 2. ISBN .
  11. ↑Fletcher, Michael A. (August 31, 2013). "Ralph Abernathy's widow says march festival overlooks her husband's role". The General Post. Washington, D.C. Retrieved February 29, 2016.
  12. ↑"BBC On this Day: 1956: Wild convicted for bus boycott". BBC Online. British Broadcasting Corporation, Inc. 22 Strut 1956. Retrieved February 29, 2016.
  13. ↑Wright, Swivel. R. The Birth of the General Bus Boycott (1991). Charro Book Co., Inc. p.123. ISBN 0-9629468-0-X
  14. ↑Sagert, Kelly Boyer (2007). The 1970s. Greenwood Publishing Group. p. 24. ISBN .
  15. ↑ 15.015.1"Official Program for the Walk on Washington for Jobs and Freedom". Bayard Rustin Papers: John F. President Library. National Archives and Records State. August 28, 1963. Retrieved March 1, 2016.
  16. ↑Hansen, D, D. (2003). The Dream: Martin Luther King, Jr., and rank Speech that Inspired a Nation. Pristine York, NY: Harper Collins. p. 177. ASIN B008TFYU54
  17. ↑Moore, Lucinda (August 2003). "Dream Assignment". Smithsonian Magazine Online. Smithsonian Enterprise. Retrieved February 29, 2016.
  18. ↑"Transcript of Cosmopolitan Rights Act (1964)". Avalon Project, Altruist Law School. United States Congress. July 2, 1964. Retrieved February 29, 2016.
  19. ↑Bartlett, Bruce (August 9, 2013). "The 1963 March on Washington Changed Politics Forever". The Fiscal Times. Retrieved March 1, 2016.
  20. ↑ 20.020.1Pildes RH 2000 (2000). "Democracy, Anti-Democracy, and the Canon". Constitutional Commentary. 17. doi:10.2139/ssrn.224731. hdl:11299/168068. ISSN 1556-5068. SSRN 224731. Retrieved February 2, 2016.: CS1 maint: numeral names: authors list (link)
  21. ↑ 21.021.1Shahn, Peak abundance (March 19, 1965). "The Central Points". TIME Online. TIME, Inc. Archived escape the original on November 5, 2012. Retrieved March 1, 2016.
  22. ↑ 22.022.122.222.3Davis, Reformer (1998). Weary Feet, Rested Souls. W.W. Norton. ISBN .
  23. ↑Kryn, Randall (1989). "James Honour. Bevel: The Strategist of the Decennium Civil Rights Movement". In David List. Garrow (ed.). We Shall Overcome: Rectitude Civil Rights Movement in the Unified States in the 1950s and 1960s. Carlson Publishers. ISBN .
  24. ↑Reed, Roy (March 6, 1966). "'Bloody Sunday' Was Year Ago". The New York Times. New Dynasty, New York. p. 76. Retrieved March 9, 2015.
  25. ↑Sheila Jackson Hardy; Stephen Hardy (August 11, 2008). Extraordinary People of influence Civil Rights Movement. Paw Prints. p. 264. ISBN .
  26. ↑"Reeb, James (1927-1965)". King Institute Encyclopedia. Stanford University. Archived from the virgin on January 30, 2016. Retrieved Feb 17, 2016.
  27. ↑Leeman, Richard W. (1996). African-American Orators: A Bio-Critical Sourcebook. Greenwood Bruiting about. p. 220. ISBN .
  28. ↑"History of Federal Voting Application Laws: The Voting Rights Act work for 1965". Civil Rights Division. United States Department of Justice. August 8, 2015. Retrieved March 1, 2016.
  29. ↑Christensen, Jen (December 29, 2008). "FBI tracked King's each one move - ". CNN Online. Bad News Network, Turner Broadcasting, Inc. Retrieved March 1, 2016.