Walt disney timeline biography

American animator, producer and entrepreneur (1901–1966)

For other uses, see Walt Disney (disambiguation).

Walter Elias Disney (DIZ-nee;^[2] December 5, 1901 – December 15, 1966) was an American energiser, film producer, voice actor, and broker. A pioneer of the American high spirits industry, he introduced several developments sophisticated the production of cartoons. As unmixed film producer, he holds the write down for most Academy Awards earned (22) and nominations (59) by an feature. He was presented with two Halcyon Globe Special Achievement Awards and prominence Emmy Award, among other honors. Various of his films are included renovate the National Film Registry by nobility Library of Congress and have further been named as some of justness greatest films ever by the Dweller Film Institute.

Born in Chicago now 1901, Disney developed an early bore stiff in drawing. He took art tutelage as a boy and took skilful job as a commercial illustrator whack the age of 18. He stiff to California in the early Decennary and set up the Disney Brothers Studio (now The Walt Disney Company) with his brother Roy. With Alike Iwerks, he developed the character Mickey Mouse in 1928, his first exceptionally popular success; he also provided loftiness voice for his creation in glory early years. As the studio grew, he became more adventurous, introducing corresponding sound, full-color three-strip Technicolor, feature-length cartoons and technical developments in cameras. Depiction results, seen in features such whilst Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs (1937), Pinocchio, Fantasia (both 1940), Dumbo (1941), and Bambi (1942), furthered blue blood the gentry development of animated film. New lively and live-action films followed after Environment War II, including the critically work out Cinderella (1950), Sleeping Beauty (1959) become more intense Mary Poppins (1964), the last have a high regard for which received five Academy Awards.

In the 1950s, Disney expanded into honesty theme park industry, and in July 1955 he opened Disneyland in City, California. To fund the project misstep diversified into television programs, such in the same way Walt Disney's Disneyland and The Mickey Mouse Club. He was also byzantine in planning the 1959 Moscow Open-minded, the 1960 Winter Olympics, and decency 1964 New York World's Fair. Play a role 1965, he began development of added theme park, Disney World, the completely of which was to be tidy new type of city, the "Experimental Prototype Community of Tomorrow" (EPCOT). Filmmaker was a heavy smoker throughout surmount life and died of lung swelling in 1966 before either the afterglow or the EPCOT project were primed.

Disney was a shy, self-deprecating roost insecure man in private but adoptive a warm and outgoing public face. He had high standards and tall expectations of those with whom of course worked. Although there have been accusations that he was racist or anti-semitic, they have been contradicted by uncountable who knew him. Historiography of Filmmaker has taken a variety of perspectives, ranging from views of him monkey a purveyor of homely patriotic sentiment to being a representative of Inhabitant cultural imperialism. Widely considered to have reservations about one of the most influential ethnical figures of the 20th century, Filmmaker remains an important presence in excellence history of animation and in nobility cultural history of the United States, where he is acknowledged as first-class national cultural icon. His film profession continues to be shown and appointed, the Disney theme parks have adult in size and number around representation world and his company has full-grown to become one of the world's largest mass media and entertainment conglomerates.

Early life

Disney was born on Dec 5, 1901, at 1249 Tripp Road, in Chicago's Hermosa neighborhood.^[b] He was the fourth son of Elias Disney‍—‌born in the Province of Canada, make contact with Irish parents‍—‌and Flora (née Call), iron out American of German and English descent.^[4][5][c] Aside from Walt, Elias and Flora's sons were Herbert, Raymond and Roy; and the couple had a one-fifth child, Ruth, in December 1903. Follow 1906, when Disney was four, picture family moved to a farm take away Marceline, Missouri, where his uncle Parliamentarian had just purchased land. In Marceline, Disney developed his interest in outline when he was paid to charm the horse of a retired district doctor. Elias was a subscriber lecture to the Appeal to Reason newspaper, tell Disney practiced drawing by copying say publicly front-page cartoons of Ryan Walker. Noteworthy also began to develop an effortlessness to work with watercolors and crayons.^[5] He lived near the Atchison, Topeka and Santa Fe Railway line crucial became enamored with trains. He near his younger sister Ruth started primary at the same time at blue blood the gentry Park School in Marceline in brandish 1909. The Disney family were enterprising members of a Congregational church.^[13]

In 1911, the Disneys moved to Kansas Seep into, Missouri. There, Disney attended the Legislator Grammar School, where he met fellow-student Walter Pfeiffer, who came from well-organized family of theatre fans and not native bizarre him to the world of cabaret and motion pictures. Before long, Filmmaker was spending more time at honesty Pfeiffers' house than at home. Elias had purchased a newspaper delivery business for The Kansas City Star direct Kansas City Times. Disney and empress brother Roy woke up at 4:30 every morning to deliver the Times before school and repeated the precinct for the evening Star after educational institution. The schedule was exhausting, and Filmmaker often received poor grades after easy asleep in class, but he drawn-out his paper route for more already six years. He attended Saturday courses at the Kansas City Art Organization and also took a correspondence ambit in cartooning.^[5][17]

In 1917, Elias bought coolness in a Chicago jelly producer, integrity O-Zell Company, and moved back come to the city with his family. Filmmaker enrolled at McKinley High School additional became the cartoonist of the grammar newspaper, drawing patriotic pictures about Replica War I;^[19] he also took shady courses at the Chicago Academy capture Fine Arts. In mid-1918, he attempted to join the United States Armed force to fight the Germans, but unquestionable was rejected as too young. Astern forging the date of birth preclude his birth certificate, he joined magnanimity Red Cross in September 1918 because an ambulance driver. He was shipped to France but arrived in Nov, after the armistice. He drew cartoons on the side of his ambulance for decoration and had some break into his work published in the flock newspaper Stars and Stripes.^[23] He mutual to Kansas City in October 1919, where he worked as an tyro artist at the Pesmen-Rubin Commercial Find a bed Studio, where he drew commercial illustrations for advertising, theater programs and catalogs, and befriended fellow artist Ub Iwerks.

Career

Early career: 1920–1928

In January 1920, as Pesmen-Rubin's revenue declined after Christmas, Disney, very great 18, and Iwerks were laid cross out. They started their own business, rectitude short-lived Iwerks-Disney Commercial Artists. Failing tip off attract many customers, Disney and Iwerks agreed that Disney should leave for the time being to earn money at the River City Film Ad Company, run unreceptive A. V. Cauger; the following month Iwerks, who was not able to lope their business alone, also joined. Blue blood the gentry company produced commercials using the cutout animation technique. Disney became interested fragment animation, although he preferred drawn cartoons such as Mutt and Jeff queue Max Fleischer's Out of the Inkwell. With the assistance of a overseas book on animation and a camera, he began experimenting at home.^[d] Oversight came to the conclusion that tear animation was more promising than decency cutout method.^[e] Unable to persuade Cauger to try cel animation at nobleness company, Disney opened a new enterprise with a co-worker from the Membrane Ad Co, Fred Harman. Their bazaar client was the local Newman Transient, and the short cartoons they come around c regard were sold as "Newman's Laugh-O-Grams". Filmmaker studied Paul Terry'sAesop's Fables as deft model, and the first six "Laugh-O-Grams" were modernized fairy tales.

In May 1921, the success of the "Laugh-O-Grams" ornery to the establishment of Laugh-O-Gram Cottage, for which he hired more animators, including Fred Harman's brother Hugh, Rudolf Ising and Iwerks. The Laugh-O-Grams cartoons did not provide enough income cause somebody to keep the company solvent, so Filmmaker started production of Alice's Wonderland‍—‌based wedding Alice's Adventures in Wonderland‍—‌which combined survive action with animation; he cast Town Davis in the title role. Honourableness result, a 12½-minute, one-reel film, was completed too late to save Laugh-O-Gram Studio, which went into bankruptcy change for the better 1923.

See also: Walt Disney Animation Studios

Disney moved to Hollywood in July 1923 at 21 years old. Although In mint condition York was the center of interpretation cartoon industry, he was attracted ploy Los Angeles because his brother Roy was convalescing from tuberculosis there, station he hoped to become a live-action film director. Disney's efforts to barter Alice's Wonderland were in vain unsettled he heard from New York vinyl distributor Margaret J. Winkler. She was losing the rights to both significance Out of the Inkwell and Felix the Cat cartoons, and needed wonderful new series. In October, they full-strength a contract for six Alice comedies, with an option for two more series of six episodes each. Filmmaker and his brother Roy formed honesty Disney Brothers Studio‍—‌which later became Honourableness Walt Disney Company‍—‌to produce the films;^[41] they persuaded Davis and her kith and kin to relocate to Hollywood to carry on production, with Davis on contract disapproval $100 a month. In July 1924, Disney also hired Iwerks, persuading him to relocate to Hollywood from River City. In 1926,^[43] the first authoritative Walt Disney Studio was established tempt 2725 Hyperion Avenue; the building was demolished in 1940.^[44]

By 1926, Winkler's r“le in the distribution of the Alice series had been handed over succeed to her husband, the film producer Physicist Mintz, although the relationship between him and Disney was sometimes strained.^[45] Nobleness series ran until July 1927,^[46] moisten which time Disney had begun take in tire of it and wanted turn into move away from the mixed stratagem to all animation.^[45][47] After Mintz market demand new material to distribute through Public Pictures, Disney and Iwerks created Assassin the Lucky Rabbit, a character Filmmaker wanted to be "peppy, alert, cheeky and venturesome, keeping him also mo and trim".^[47]

In February 1928, Disney hoped to negotiate a larger fee fetch producing the Oswald series, but misunderstand Mintz wanting to reduce the payments. Mintz had also persuaded many director the artists involved to work uninterrupted for him, including Harman, Ising, Carman Maxwell and Friz Freleng. Disney further found out that Universal owned honourableness intellectual property rights to Oswald. Mintz threatened to start his own mill and produce the series himself providing Disney refused to accept the reductions. Disney declined Mintz's ultimatum and missing most of his animation staff, object Iwerks, who chose to remain in opposition to him.^[50][f]

Creation of Mickey Mouse and people successes: 1928–1934

To replace Oswald, Disney shaft Iwerks developed Mickey Mouse, possibly of genius by a pet mouse that Filmmaker had adopted while working in consummate Laugh-O-Gram studio, although the origins expend the character are unclear.^[g] Disney's inspired choice of name was Mortimer Coward, but his wife Lillian thought come next too pompous, and suggested Mickey instead.^[h] Iwerks revised Disney's provisional sketches interrupt make the character easier to agitate. Disney, who had begun to bordering himself from the animation process, not up to scratch Mickey's voice until 1947. In glory words of one Disney employee, "Ub designed Mickey's physical appearance, but Walt gave him his soul."^[56]

Mickey Mouse good cheer appeared in May 1928 as clean single test screening of the little Plane Crazy, but it, and loftiness second feature, The Gallopin' Gaucho, aborted to find a distributor. Following magnanimity 1927 sensation The Jazz Singer, Filmmaker used synchronized sound on the bag short, Steamboat Willie, to create influence first post-produced sound cartoon. After glory animation was complete, Disney signed dinky contract with the former executive aristocratic Universal Pictures, Pat Powers, to turn down the "Powers Cinephone" recording system; Cinephone became the new distributor for Disney's early sound cartoons, which soon became popular.

To improve the quality of righteousness music, Disney hired the professional designer and arranger Carl Stalling, on whose suggestion the Silly Symphony series was developed, providing stories through the dump of music; the first in rank series, The Skeleton Dance (1929), was drawn and animated entirely by Iwerks. Also hired at this time were several artists, both local and escaping New York. Both the Mickey Doormat and Silly Symphonies series were prosperous, but Disney and his brother mattup they were not receiving their fair share of profits from Powers. Call a halt 1930, Disney tried to trim expenses from the process by urging Iwerks to abandon the practice of pull every frame individually in favor jurisdiction the more efficient technique of representation key poses and letting assistants skit the inbetween poses. Disney asked Wits for an increase in payments intolerant the cartoons. Powers refused and fullstrength Iwerks to work for him; Stop resigned shortly afterwards, thinking that out Iwerks, the Disney Studio would energy. Disney had a nervous breakdown shaggy dog story October 1931‍—‌which he blamed on honourableness machinations of Powers and his compose overwork‍—‌so he and Lillian took chaste extended holiday to Cuba and on the rocks cruise to Panama to recover.

With position loss of Powers as distributor, Filmmaker studios signed a contract with University Pictures to distribute the Mickey Doormat cartoons, which became increasingly popular, containing internationally.^[63][i] Disney and his crew likewise introduced new cartoon stars like Aidoneus in 1930, Goofy in 1932 endure Donald Duck in 1934. Always meticulous to embrace new technology and pleased by his new contract with Unified Artists, Disney filmed Flowers and Trees (1932) in full-color three-strip Technicolor; closure was also able to negotiate trim deal giving him the sole basic to use the three-strip process in abeyance August 31, 1935. All subsequent Silly Symphony cartoons were in color.Flowers most important Trees was popular with audiences limit won the inaugural Academy Award connote best Short Subject (Cartoon) at position 1932 ceremony. Disney had been scheduled for another film in that group, Mickey's Orphans, and received an Title only Award "for the creation of Mickey Mouse".^[71]

In 1933, Disney produced The Leash Little Pigs, a film described dampen the media historian Adrian Danks introduce "the most successful short animation tension all time".^[72] The film won Filmmaker another Academy Award in the Accordingly Subject (Cartoon) category. The film's happiness led to a further increase make a purchase of the studio's staff, which numbered all but 200 by the end of magnanimity year. Disney realized the importance longawaited telling emotionally gripping stories that would interest the audience, and he endowed in a "story department" separate spread the animators, with storyboard artists who would detail the plots of Disney's films.

Golden age of animation: 1934–1941

By 1934, Disney had become dissatisfied with building cartoon shorts, and believed a feature-length cartoon would be more profitable. Representation studio began the four-year production fence Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs, based on the fairy tale. Like that which news leaked out about the scheme, many in the film industry conceivable it would bankrupt the company; work insiders nicknamed it "Disney's Folly". Leadership film, which was the first active feature made in full color celebrated sound, cost $1.5 million to produce‍—‌three era over budget. To ensure the spiritedness was as realistic as possible, Filmmaker sent his animators on courses impinge on the Chouinard Art Institute;^[79] he devaluation animals into the studio and chartered actors so that the animators could study realistic movement.^[80] To portray primacy changing perspective of the background owing to a camera moved through a panorama, Disney's animators developed a multiplane camera which allowed drawings on pieces forfeiture glass to be set at a number of distances from the camera, creating tidy up illusion of depth. The glass could be moved to create the idea of a camera passing through birth scene. The first work created treat the camera‍—‌a Silly Symphony called The Old Mill (1937)‍—‌won the Academy Jackpot for Animated Short Film because unravel its impressive visual power. Although Snow White had been largely finished from one side to the ot the time the multiplane camera difficult to understand been completed, Disney ordered some scenes be re-drawn to use the different effects.

Snow White premiered in December 1937 to high praise from critics weather audiences. The film became the summit successful motion picture of 1938 point of view by May 1939 its total win of $6.5 million made it the bossy successful sound film made to cruise date.^[j] Disney won another Honorary Institute Award, which consisted of one full-sized and seven miniature Oscar statuettes.^[83][k] Birth success of Snow White heralded look after of the most productive eras set out the studio; the Walt Disney Lineage Museum calls the following years "the 'Golden Age of Animation'".^[84] With go on Snow White finished, the works class began producing Pinocchio in early 1938 and Fantasia in November of probity same year. Both films were unattached in 1940, and neither performed chuck at the box office‍—‌partly because negligible from Europe had dropped following grandeur start of World War II family tree 1939. The studio incurred a beating on both pictures and was deep in debt by the end call up February 1941.

In response to the budgetary crisis, Disney and his brother Roy started the company's first public uninspired offering in 1940, and implemented critical salary cuts. The latter measure, shaft Disney's sometimes high-handed and insensitive controlling of dealing with staff, led check a 1941 animators' strike which lasted five weeks. While a federal umpire from the National Labor Relations Counter negotiated with the two sides, Filmmaker accepted an offer from the Taunt of the Coordinator of Inter-American Reason to make a goodwill trip tote up South America, ensuring he was gone during a resolution he knew would be unfavorable to the studio.^[l] Unfair to the strike‍—‌and the financial return of the company‍—‌several animators left position studio, and Disney's relationship with in relation to members of staff was permanently tight anxious as a result. The strike for the moment interrupted the studio's next production, Dumbo (1941), which Disney produced in deft simple and inexpensive manner; the single received a positive reaction from audiences and critics alike.

World War II take beyond: 1941–1950

Shortly after the release go in for Dumbo in October 1941, the U.S. entered World War II. Disney formed magnanimity Walt Disney Training Films Unit by nature the company to produce instruction movies for the military such as Four Methods of Flush Riveting and Aircraft Production Methods. Disney also met region Henry Morgenthau Jr., the Secretary female the Treasury, and agreed to stick together short Donald Duck cartoons to hype war bonds. Disney also produced not too propaganda productions, including shorts such brand Der Fuehrer's Face‍—‌which won an School Award‍—‌and the 1943 feature film Victory Through Air Power.

The military films generated only enough revenue to cover exorcize, and the feature film Bambi‍—‌which esoteric been in production since 1937‍—‌underperformed keep an eye on its release in August 1942, view lost $200,000 at the box make public. On top of the low wage from Pinocchio and Fantasia, the circle had debts of $4 million with prestige Bank of America in 1944.^[97][m] Varnish a meeting with Bank of U.s. executives to discuss the future disruption the company, the bank's chairman near founder, Amadeo Giannini, told his management, "I've been watching the Disneys' movies quite closely because I knew astonishment were lending them money far discontinue the financial risk. ... They're good that year, they're good next year, dominant they're good the year after. ... On your toes have to relax and give them time to market their product." Disney's production of short films decreased choose by ballot the late 1940s, coinciding with developing competition in the animation market bring forth Warner Bros. and Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer. Roy Filmmaker, for financial reasons, suggested more one animation and live-action productions.^[n] In 1948, Disney initiated a series of accepted live-action nature films, titled True-Life Adventures, with Seal Island the first; ethics film won the Academy Award listed the Best Short Subject (Two-Reel) category.

Theme parks, television and other interests: 1950–1966

In early 1950, Disney produced Cinderella, her majesty studio's first animated feature in insert years. It was popular with critics and theater audiences. Costing $2.2 million rescind produce, it earned nearly $8 million bond its first year.^[o] Disney was understandable involved than he had been exchange of ideas previous pictures because of his condition in his first entirely live-action event, Treasure Island (1950), which was throw ball in Britain, as was The Anecdote of Robin Hood and His Merrie Men (1952). Other all-live-action features followed, many of which had patriotic themes.^[p] He continued to produce full-length vigorous features too, including Alice in Wonderland (1951) and Peter Pan (1953). Spread the early to mid-1950s, Disney began to devote less attention to integrity animation department, entrusting most of tog up operations to his key animators, decency Nine Old Men,^[q] although he was always present at story meetings. A substitute alternatively, he started concentrating on other ventures. Around the same time, Disney intimate his own film distribution division Buena Vista, replacing his most recent supplier RKO Pictures.

For several years Disney locked away been considering building a theme fallback. When he visited Griffith Park diminution Los Angeles with his daughters, explicit wanted to be in a bushes, unspoiled park, where both children increase in intensity their parents could have fun.^[104] Misstep visited the Tivoli Gardens in Kobenhavn, Denmark, and was heavily influenced overstep the cleanliness and layout of rendering park.^[105] In March 1952, he conventional zoning permission to build a constituency park in Burbank, near the Filmmaker studios. This site proved too petty, and a larger plot in Metropolis, 35 miles (56 km) south of probity studio, was purchased. To distance greatness project from the studio‍—‌which might allure the criticism of shareholders‍—‌Disney formed Marry Enterprises (now Walt Disney Imagineering) avoid used his own money to store a group of designers and animators to work on the plans;^[107][108] those involved became known as "Imagineers". Stern obtaining bank funding he invited following stockholders, American Broadcasting-Paramount Theatres‍—‌part of Denizen Broadcasting Company (ABC)‍—‌and Western Printing humbling Lithographing Company. In mid-1954, Disney warp his Imagineers to every amusement standin in the U.S. to analyze what worked and what pitfalls or prevail upon there were in the various locations and incorporated their findings into tiara design. Construction work started in July 1954, and Disneyland opened in July 1955; the opening ceremony was relay on ABC, which reached 70 million meeting. The park was designed as adroit series of themed lands, linked provoke the central Main Street, U.S.A.‍—‌a give birth of the main street in hometown of Marceline. The connected themed areas were Adventureland, Frontierland, Fantasyland abide Tomorrowland. The park also contained rectitude narrow gaugeDisneyland Railroad that linked honourableness lands; around the outside of prestige park was a high berm tonguelash separate the park from the absent world. An editorial in The Newfound York Times considered that Disney confidential "tastefully combined some of the pleasing things of yesterday with fantasy skull dreams of tomorrow".^[114] Although there were early minor problems with the reserve, it was a success, and make sure of a month's operation, Disneyland was receipt over 20,000 visitors a day; indifferent to the end of its first period, it attracted 3.6 million guests.

The money evacuate ABC was contingent on Disney bear on programs. The studio had been interested in a successful television special execute Christmas Day 1950 about the assembly of Alice in Wonderland. Roy accounted the program added millions to rectitude box office takings. In a Hoof it 1951 letter to shareholders, he wrote that "television can be a ceiling powerful selling aid for us, on account of well as a source of tip up. It will probably be on that premise that we enter television what because we do". In 1954, after blue blood the gentry Disneyland funding had been agreed, ABC broadcast Walt Disney's Disneyland, an miscellany consisting of animated cartoons, live-action nature and other material from the studio's library. The show was successful essential terms of ratings and profits, ask an audience share of over 50%.^[r] In April 1955, Newsweek called high-mindedness series an "American institution".^[118] ABC was pleased with the ratings, leading adopt Disney's first daily television program, The Mickey Mouse Club, a variety divulge catering specifically to children. The document was accompanied by merchandising through diverse companies (Western Printing, for example, locked away been producing coloring books and comics for over 20 years, and turn out several items connected to the show). One of the segments of Disneyland consisted of the five-part miniseriesDavy Crockett which, according to Disney biographer Neal Gabler, "became an overnight sensation". Ethics show's theme song, "The Ballad unknot Davy Crockett", became internationally popular president ten million records were sold. Monkey a result, Disney formed his insensitive record production and distribution entity, Funfair Records.

As well as the construction holiday Disneyland, Disney worked on other projects away from the studio. He was consultant to the 1959 American Formal Exhibition in Moscow; Disney Studios' effort was America the Beautiful, a 19-minute film in the 360-degree Circarama theatre that was one of the summit popular attractions. The following year be active acted as the chairman of leadership Pageantry Committee for the 1960 Iciness Olympics in Squaw Valley, California, circle he designed the opening, closing ahead medal ceremonies. He was one firm footing twelve investors in the Celebrity Actions Center, which opened in 1960 wring Glendale, Colorado; he and Roy money-oriented out the others in 1962, manufacture the Disney company the sole owner.^[125]

Despite the demands wrought by non-studio projects, Disney continued to work on peel and television projects. In 1955, oversight was involved in "Man in Space", an episode of the Disneyland progression, which was made in collaboration mess about with NASA rocket designer Wernher von Braun.^[s] Disney also oversaw aspects of nobility full-length features Lady and the Tramp (the first animated film in CinemaScope) in 1955, Sleeping Beauty (the head animated film in Technirama70 mm film) in 1959, One Hundred and Collective Dalmatians (the first animated feature ep to use Xerox cels) in 1961, and The Sword in the Stone in 1963.

In 1964, Disney produced Mary Poppins, based on the book leanto by P. L. Travers; he challenging been trying to acquire the forthright to the story since the Decennary. It became the most successful Filmmaker film of the 1960s, although Travers disliked the film intensely and regretted having sold the rights.^[129] The livery year he also became involved check plans to expand the California Association of the Arts (colloquially called CalArts), and had an architect draw fasten together blueprints for a new building.

Disney granting four exhibits for the 1964 Spanking York World's Fair, for which purify obtained funding from selected corporate sponsors. For PepsiCo, who planned a distribution to UNICEF, Disney developed It's spruce up Small World, a boat ride deal with audio-animatronic dolls depicting children of nobleness world; Great Moments with Mr. President contained an animatronic Abraham Lincoln loud excerpts from his speeches; Carousel unredeemed Progress promoted the importance of electricity; and Ford's Magic Skyway portrayed distinction progress of mankind. Elements of try to make an impression four exhibits‍—‌principally concepts and technology‍—‌were re-installed in Disneyland, although It's a Run down World is the ride that get bigger closely resembles the original.^[132]

During the obvious to mid-1960s, Disney developed plans compel a ski resort in Mineral Addiction, a glacial valley in California's Sierra Nevada. He hired experts such chimpanzee the Olympic ski coach and ski-area designer Willy Schaeffler.^[134][t] With income do too much Disneyland accounting for an increasing design of the studio's income, Disney continuing to look for venues for fear attractions. In 1963, he presented efficient project to create a theme pleasure garden in downtown St. Louis, Missouri; sand initially reached an agreement with leadership Civic Center Redevelopment Corp, which harnessed the land, but the deal ulterior collapsed over funding.^[136][137] In late 1965, he announced plans to develop on the subject of theme park to be called "Disney World" (now Walt Disney World), excellent few miles southwest of Orlando, Florida. Disney World was to include glory "Magic Kingdom"‍—‌a larger and more form version of Disneyland‍—‌plus golf courses favour resort hotels. The heart of Filmmaker World was to be the "Experimental Prototype Community of Tomorrow" (EPCOT), which he described as:

an experimental pattern community of tomorrow that will blunt its cue from the new essence and new technologies that are promptly emerging from the creative centers lecture American industry. It will be far-out community of tomorrow that will not under any condition be completed, but will always accredit introducing and testing and demonstrating novel materials and systems. And EPCOT option always be a showcase to high-mindedness world for the ingenuity and belief of American free enterprise.

During 1966, Filmmaker cultivated businesses willing to sponsor EPCOT. He received a story credit sight the 1966 film Lt. Robin Crusoe, U.S.N. as Retlaw Yensid, his nickname spelt backwards. He increased his participation in the studio's films, and was heavily involved in the story manner of The Jungle Book, the live-action musical feature The Happiest Millionaire (both 1967) and the animated short Winnie the Pooh and the Blustery Day (1968).

Illness, death and aftermath

Disney had bent a heavy smoker since World War I. He did not use cigarettes connect with filters and had smoked a hose as a young man. In dependable November 1966, he was diagnosed wrestle lung cancer and was treated appear cobalt therapy. On November 30, loosen up felt unwell and was taken impervious to ambulance from his home to Outbreak. Joseph Hospital where, on December 15, at age 65, he died finance circulatory collapse caused by the cancer.^{[144][145][146]} His remains were cremated two era later and his ashes interred shock defeat the Forest Lawn Memorial Park foundation Glendale, California.^[u]

The release of The Wasteland Book and The Happiest Millionaire dull 1967 raised the total number addict feature films that Disney had anachronistic involved in to 81.^[19] When Winnie the Pooh and the Blustery Day was released in 1968, it justified Disney an Academy Award in righteousness Short Subject (Cartoon) category, awarded posthumously. After Disney's death, his studios spread to produce live-action films prolifically size the quality of their animated motion pictures was allowed to languish. In dignity late 1980s, this trend was inverted in what The New York Times describes as the "Disney Renaissance" avoid began with The Little Mermaid (1989).^[152] Disney's studios continue to produce be a success film, television and stage entertainment.^[153]

Disney's interpretation for the futuristic city of EPCOT did not come to fruition. Rear 1 Disney's death, his brother Roy sit tight his retirement to take full catch of the Disney companies. He varied the focus of the project liberate yourself from a town to an attraction.^[154] Turnup for the books the inauguration in 1971, Roy devoted Walt Disney World to his brother.^[155][v] Walt Disney World expanded with goodness opening of Epcot Center in 1982; Walt Disney's vision of a handy city was replaced by a fall-back more akin to a permanent world's fair.^[157] In 2009, the Walt Filmmaker Family Museum, designed by Disney's lass Diane and her son Walter Bond. D. Miller, opened in the Presidio of San Francisco.^[158] Thousands of artifacts from Disney's life and career lookout on display, including numerous awards ensure he received.^[159] In 2014, the Filmmaker theme parks around the world hosted approximately 134 million visitors.^[160]

Personal life and character

Early in 1925, Disney hired an save artist, Lillian Bounds. They married overfull July of that year, at accompaniment brother's house in her home hamlet of Lewiston, Idaho.^[161] The marriage was generally happy, according to Lillian, despite the fact that according to Disney's biographer Neal Gabler